ArticleEpidemiology and infection2023
Identification of post-COVID-19 condition phenotypes, and differences in health-related quality of life and healthcare use: a cluster analysis.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life in the post-COVID-19 condition: a cross-sectional survey in a nationally representative sample of French adults.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Identifying Long Covid phenotypes and their association with personal characteristics, healthcare use, and daily life burden: population-based study in Belgium.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Health economic outcomes and national economic impacts associated with Long COVID in England and Scotland.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Healthcare utilization patterns and medication burden in post-COVID syndrome: a cross-sectional analysis reveals four phenotypes.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- Identifying subtypes of Long COVID: a systematic review.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Editorial for epidemiology and infection, special issue on post-COVID condition.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Observational
- Factors associated with health-related quality of life 1 year after COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in Sweden.Upsala journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Long COVID is not the same for everyone: a hierarchical cluster analysis of Long COVID symptoms 9 and 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 test.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) phenotypes and to investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and healthcare use per phenotype. We administered a questionnaire to a cohort of PCC patients that included items on socio-demographics, medical characteristics, health symptoms, healthcare use, and the EQ-5D-5L. A principal component analysis (PCA) of PCC symptoms was performed to identify symptom patterns. K-means clustering was used to identify phenotypes. In total, 8630 participants completed the survey. The median number of symptoms was 18, with the top 3 being fatigue, concentration problems, and decreased physical condition. Eight symptom patterns and three phenotypes were identified. Phenotype 1 comprised participants with a lower-than-average number of symptoms, phenotype 2 with an average number of symptoms, and phenotype 3 with a higher-than-average number of symptoms. Compared to participants in phenotypes 1 and 2, those in phenotype 3 consulted significantly more healthcare providers (median 4, 6, and 7, respectively,
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Registered trials
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