A Randomized Comparison of Radial Artery Intimal Hyperplasia Following Distal vs. Proximal Transradial Access for Coronary Angiography: PRESERVE RADIAL Trial.

Background: Distal transradial access (dTRA) is an alternative to conventional forearm transradial access (fTRA) for coronary angiography (CAG). Differences in healing of the radial artery in the forearm (FRA) have not been evaluated between these 2 access strategies. We sought to compare FRA intimal-medial thickening (IMT) in patients randomized to dTRA vs. fTRA for CAG. Methods and Results: Sixty-four consecutive patients undergoing non-emergent CAG were randomized (1:1) to dTRA vs. fTRA. Ultrahigh resolution (55 MHz) vascular ultrasound) of the FRA and distal RA was performed pre-CAG and at 90 days. Primary endpoint was 90-day FRA IMT. Secondary endpoints included procedural characteristics, vascular injury, RA occlusion and ipsilateral hand pain and function. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics, mean FRA IMT, time to RA access, procedure time, and radiation exposure were similar between the dTRA and fTRA cohorts. There were no between group differences in 90-day FRA IMT (0.37 mm vs 0.38 mm, respectively; Conclusions: In this single center randomized clinical trial, similar patterns of FRA vascular healing at 90 days, procedural results as well as hand pain and function were observed following dTRA vs. fTRA for CAG. Further investigation is warranted to better understand the mechanistics and predictors of RA healing and to identify strategies aimed at preserving RA integrity for future procedures. What is New?: DTRA has been proposed as an alternative to traditional fTRA in the wrist for CAG and PCI because of ergonomic and post-procedural recovery benefits to the patient, as well as potential reductions in occlusion of the FRA.There are gaps in knowledge, however, regarding potential differences in remodeling of the FRA in patients undergoing dTRA versus fTRA.In this randomized clinical trial, there were no differences in IMT and patterns of vascular injury and healing, using ultrahigh resolution (55 MHz) ultrasound, at 90 days in patients randomized to dTRA or FTRA for elective and non-emergent CAG and PCI. What Are the Clinical Implications: Our findings highlight the need for further inquiry through large multicenter randomized clinical trials to better the understand the mechanistics and predictors of IMT and to identify strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of vessel remodeling in patients undergoing TRA across the entire severity spectrum of cardiovascular disease.