Observational studyBMC ophthalmology2023
Inflammatory profile of keratoconic corneal epithelium.
Observational study in BMC ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Obesity and Eye Diseases.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Is it really keratoconus or pseudo-keratoconus? - Topographic mimicry.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Tear Film Inflammatory Biomarkers in Keratoconus: Insights into Disease Severity and Diagnostic Potential.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2026Observational
- Exploring the ocular microecology and its role in pterygium based on metagenomics.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Tear fluid participates in systemic immunity.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2025Review
- The microenvironment of ocular surface in keratoconus: a systematic review.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Review
- Exploring the Diagnostic Utility of Tear IgE and Lid Wiper Epitheliopathy in Ocular Allergy Among Individuals with Hay Fever.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Investigating prolactin-induced protein and its role in modulating the metabolic state of the keratoconus microenvironment.Experimental eye research · 2025Review
- Keratoconus: The Local Manifestation of a Systemic Disease?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The oxidative-stress-senescence axis in keratoconus: new insights into corneal degeneration.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Keratectasia severity staging and progression assessment based on the biomechanical E-staging.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2024Review
- Level of Secretion and the Role of the Nerve Growth Factor in Patients with Keratoconus before and after Collagen Fibre Cross-Linking Surgery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecent studies have presented inflammatory features on keratoconus (KC) and many inflammatory markers are described in the tears of patients with this disease. The KC pathogenesis is still unknown just like the correlation with inflammatory patterns. However, environmental and genetic issues may be part of the progress of KC. In addition, some systemic features, such as allergy and obesity, seem to be related to the progression of KC. Our purpose was to evaluate the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), chemokines ligand 2 (CCL-2) and 5 (CCL-5), and interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 8 (IL-8) on corneal epithelial cells and blood of patients with KC and in healthy controls. In addition, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was evaluated to predict inflammation.
methodsThis including prospective observational study included 32 KC patients who underwent corneal crosslinking (CXL) and 32 control patients who underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Patients' corneal epithelial cells were removed surgically, and blood (buffy coat) was analyzed. Samples in triplicate were evaluated on rt-PCR for neuropeptides (VIP e NPY), interleukins (IL-6 e IL-8), and chemokines (CCL-2 and CCL-5).
resultsOur study showed statistically higher CCL-5 and IL-8 on corneal epithelial cells in patients with KC. Blood cells were statistically higher in VIP and NPY in the KC group. Interleukin-8 on blood cells was statistically significant in KC'S group; for CCL-2 and CCL-5 they were statistically lower in patients with KC compared with controls. NLR showed no difference between the groups.
conclusionsOur data support the findings of other studies that suggested altering KC status, such as inflammatory corneal disease. The presence of IL-8 in the cornea and blood samples of KC's group suggested systemic disease with a possible local or repercussion action. Further studies are warranted to elucidate KC pathogenesis and its correlation to systemic disease.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.