Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37459590›Full record

ReviewNursing ethics2023

Ethical climate in healthcare: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ryan Essex, Trevor Thompson, Thomas Rhys Evans, Vanessa Fortune, Erika Kalocsányiová, Denise Miller, Marianne Markowski, Helen Elliott

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nursing ethics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  10. Correlation Descriptive Study on Nurses' Professional Values and Job Satisfaction and the Ethical Climate of the Hospital.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025
    Article
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  13. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ryan EssexInstitute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3497-3137
Trevor ThompsonInstitute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, UK.
Thomas Rhys EvansInstitute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, UK.
Vanessa FortuneInstitute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, UK.
Erika KalocsányiováInstitute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, UK.
Denise MillerInstitute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, UK.
Marianne MarkowskiInstitute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, UK.
Helen ElliottInstitute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEthical climate refers to the shared perception of ethical norms and sets the scope for what is ethical and acceptable behaviour within teams.

aimThis paper sought to explore perceptions of ethical climate amongst healthcare workers as measured by the Ethical Climate Questionnaire (ECQ), the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS) and the Ethics Environment Questionnaire (EEQ).

methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was utilised. PSYCINFO, CINAHL, WEB OF SCIENCE, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched, and papers were included if they sampled healthcare workers and used the ECQ, HECS or EEQ. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION: Ethical approval was not required.

resultsThe search returned 1020 results. After screening, 61 papers were included (

conclusionsThe above results provide insight into the variability of scores as measured by the HECS, ECQ and EEQ. To some extent, this variability is not surprising with studies carried out across 21 countries and in a range of healthcare systems. Results also suggest that it may be that more local and context specific factors are more important when it comes to predicting ethical climate.

Indexed as

Ethical climatemeta-analysissystematic review

Identifiers

PMID37459590
PMCPMC10710009

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.