ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023
Genomic and geographical structure of human cytomegalovirus.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genomic characterization of the attenuated human cytomegalovirus strain TR-VAC developed for subviral particle vaccine production.Microbiology resource announcements · 2026Article
- Human Cytomegalovirus Genetic Diversity, Clinical Relevance, and Emerging Insights.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Rapid phylogenomic analysis for viral surveillance and metagenomic profiling with Omni2Tree.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Essentiality and dynamic expression of the human tRNA pool during viral infection.Molecular systems biology · 2026Article
- Interstrain recombinants of human cytomegalovirus uncouple glycoprotein display, virion infectivity, and spread characteristics.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- The diversity of cytomegalovirus among blood donors and transplant recipients could affect the effectiveness of specific anti-CMV immunoglobulins.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Molecular detection of cytomegalovirus in hospitalized children: a cross-sectional study in Makassar, Indonesia.The Pan African medical journal · 2026Article
- Keystone Epitope Theory: Implications for Hypersensitivity, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation.Pathogens & immunity · 2026Review
- Progress and prospects for herpesvirus vaccination using gB antigens.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- When serology misleads: cross-reactivity in acute hepatitis.Archives of virology · 2025Review
- The indirect effects of cytomegalovirus infection-mechanisms and consequences.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Interstrain Recombinants of Human Cytomegalovirus Reveal Complex Genetic Correlates and Epistasis Influencing Glycoprotein Display, Virion Infectivity and Spread Characteristics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A human cytomegalovirus prefusion-like glycoprotein B subunit vaccine elicits humoral immunity similar to that of postfusion gB in mice.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Is the vIL-10 Protein from Cytomegalovirus Associated with the Potential Development of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia?Viruses · 2025Review
- Determination of whole genome sequence of human cytomegalovirus circulating in Japan and discovery of geographic genome structure in UL148 gene.Virus research · 2025Article
- Reinfection With Cytomegalovirus During Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study in Canada.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Cytomegalovirus Genetic Diversity and Evolution: Insights into Genotypes and Their Role in Viral Pathogenesis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A vaccine against cytomegalovirus: how close are we?The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Recent advances in human cytomegalovirus: a comprehensive review of pathogenic mechanisms, virus-host interactions, and antiviral strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Human cytomegalovirus: pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment.Molecular biomedicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) has infected humans since the origin of our species and currently infects most of the world's population. Variability between CMV genomes is the highest of any human herpesvirus, yet large portions of the genome are conserved. Here, we show that the genome encodes 74 regions of relatively high variability each with 2 to 8 alleles. We then identified two patterns in the CMV genome. Conserved parts of the genome and a minority (32) of variable regions show geographic population structure with evidence for African or European clustering, although hybrid strains are present. We find no evidence that geographic segregation has been driven by host immune pressure affecting known antigenic sites. Forty-two variable regions show no geographical structure, with similar allele distributions across different continental populations. These "nongeographical" regions are significantly enriched for genes encoding immunomodulatory functions suggesting a core functional importance. We hypothesize that at least two CMV founder populations account for the geographical differences that are largely seen in the conserved portions of the genome, although the timing of separation and direction of spread between the two are not clear. In contrast, the similar allele frequencies among 42 variable regions of the genome, irrespective of geographical origin, are indicative of a second evolutionary process, namely balancing selection that may preserve properties critical to CMV biological function. Given that genetic differences between CMVs are postulated to alter immunogenicity and potentially function, understanding these two evolutionary processes could contribute important information for the development of globally effective vaccines and the identification of novel drug targets.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.