ArticlePloS one2023
The geographical pension gap: Understanding the causes of inequality in China's pension funds.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urban-rural disparities in living arrangement and older adults care service supply in China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Pension levels of chinese institutions during the transition period: A case study of universities.PloS one · 2025Article
- Spatial patterns and socio-environmental determinants of gonorrhea incidence in China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The effects of digital economy development on social insurance funds revenue: Evidence from China.PloS one · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The sustainability of social pension insurance is of great significance in guaranteeing the essential life of the elderly and promoting social stability. Based on the provincial panel data from 2012 to 2020, this study uses non-spatial measurement methods, ArcGIS visualization research methods, and geographic detectors to study the regional differences in China's pension fund balances and the underlying influencing factors. Compared with the traditional way of establishing regression equations to explore the correlation of influencing factors, geographic detectors can quantify the strength of each influencing factor and detect the interaction of different influencing factors. This study found that: First, the growth rate of China's overall pension fund balances has been declining yearly, with the fastest decline in northeast China, the middle in the Western and Central regions of China, and the slowest decline in Eastern China. Second, the spatial distribution of pension fund balances shows agglomeration characteristics, with high-value areas mainly distributed in Eastern China and low-value regions distributed primarily in Western and Northeastern China. Third, the overall Theil index for pension fund balances is trending down, but the Theil index for the Eastern region is on the rise. Fourth, seven factors, including the working-age population, the population aged 65 and above, and regional GDP, are the main factors that lead to regional differences in the balance of urban and rural residential insurance funds. Finally, the superimposed effects of each element are reflected in double-factor enhancement or non-linear enhancement relation.
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