ArticleAnimal cognition2023
Singing more, singing harsher: occurrence of nonlinear phenomena in a primate' song.
Article in Animal cognition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamics of jaw kinematics and fundamental frequency suggest vocal tract tuning in the indris' song.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- The Ontogeny of Vocal Rhythms in a Non-Human Primate.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Nonlinear phenomena in marmot alarm calls: a mechanism encoding fear?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Vocal communication and perception of pain in childbirth vocalizations.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Acoustic context and dynamics of nonlinear phenomena in mammalian calls: the case of puppy whines.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Singing out of tune: sexual and developmental differences in the occurrence of nonlinear phenomena in primate songs.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring nonlinear phenomena in animal vocalizations through oscillator theory.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nonlinear phenomena (NLP) in animal vocalizations arise from irregularities in the oscillation of the vocal folds. Various non-mutually exclusive hypotheses have been put forward to explain the occurrence of NLP, from adaptive to physiological ones. Non-human primates often display NLP in their vocalizations, yet the communicative role of these features, if any, is still unclear. We here investigate the occurrence of NLP in the song of a singing primate, the indri (Indri indri), testing for the effect of sex, age, season, and duration of the vocal display on their emission. Our results show that NLP occurrence in indri depends on phonation, i.e., the cumulative duration of all the units emitted by an individual, and that NLP have higher probability to be emitted in the later stages of the song, probably due to the fatigue indris may experience while singing. Furthermore, NLP happen earlier in the vocal display of adult females than in that of the adult males, and this is probably due to the fact that fatigue occurs earlier in the former because of a greater contribution within the song. Our findings suggest, therefore, that indris may be subjected to physiological constraints during the singing process which may impair the production of harmonic sounds. However, indris may still benefit from emitting NLP by strengthening the loudness of their signals for better advertising their presence to the neighboring conspecific groups.
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