ReviewJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2024
Annual Research Review: Sex, gender, and internalizing conditions among adolescents in the 21st century - trends, causes, consequences.
Review in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The impact of premature birth and low birth weight on motor, visual, and cognitive skills and mental health in adolescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring the role of modifiable sex/gender-specific risk and protective factors for anxiety among young people in high income countries: a systematic narrative review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Cross-national research on adolescent mental health: a systematic review comparing research in low, middle and high-income countries.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative effects of exercise type and dose on depression in children and adolescents: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Disease awareness and experience of adolescent depression patients: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Dual-Site aiTBS for Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation frequency effects on suicidal ideation in adolescents with major depressive disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Trial
- Effects of combined high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training alone in male adolescents: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Guilt Proneness and Shame Proneness Differentially Relate to Sex Disparity in Depression Among Adolescents in China: A Longitudinal Serial Mediation Analysis.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Article
- Psychometric Validation of the Slovenian Version of the Children's Automatic Thoughts Scale (CATS).Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Beyond Cause or Consequence: Intolerance of Uncertainty and Internalizing Symptoms in a Reciprocal Developmental Process During Adolescence.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Article
- The Nonlinear Interaction Effects of Negative Emotions and Self-Control on Developmental Trajectories of Early Adolescents' Internalizing Problems.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Article
- From Parents to Teens: Unpacking the Anxiety Transmission Pathway in Parent-Adolescent Dyads through Parent-Adolescent Relationships and Academic Stress.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Longitudinal associations between authoritarian parenting and adolescent antisocial thinking, depression, and anxiety: Between- and within-person effects.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2026Article
- Relaxation music for stress alleviation: Exploring relationships of audio features and listener profiles.Musicae scientiae : the journal of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music · 2026Article
- Adolescent Hormonal Contraceptive Use in the Context of Brain Development and Depression Risk: A Review and Considerations for Future Research.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- Neurocognitive and Temperament Predictors of Changes in Child and Adolescent Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors for Youths With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Estimating the associations between personal, health, lifestyle, and social factors on depressive symptoms from adolescence to adulthood: a fixed effect approach using panel data.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- Mesocorticolimbic connectivity and motivational sensitivity: sex-specific effects of puberty in early adolescence.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Internalizing conditions of psychopathology include depressive and anxiety disorders; they most often onset in adolescence, are relatively common, and contribute to significant population morbidity and mortality. In this research review, we present the evidence that internalizing conditions, including depression and anxiety, as well as psychological distress, suicidal thoughts and self-harm, and fatal suicide, are considerably increasing in adolescent populations across many countries. Evidence indicates that increases are currently greatest in female adolescents. We present an epidemiological framework for evaluating the causes of these increases, and synthesize research on whether several established risk factors (e.g., age of pubertal transition and stressful life events) and novel risk factors (e.g., digital technology and social media) meet conditions necessary to be plausible causes of increases in adolescent internalizing conditions. We conclude that there are a multitude of potential causes of increases in adolescent internalizing conditions, outline evidence gaps including the lack of research on nonbinary and gender nonconforming populations, and recommend necessary prevention and intervention foci from a clinical and public health perspective.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.