ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Exploration of the association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism of co-stimulatory system and rheumatoid arthritis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of immune checkpoint-related polymorphisms in PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 genes with susceptibility to genitourinary cancer: a meta-analysis.Immunologic research · 2026Pooled it
- The genetic puzzle of rheumatoid arthritis: Causes, progression, and treatment.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- CD28 and CTLA4 polymorphisms associated with ankylosing spondylitis: a study in the context of HLA-B27.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Association of CTLA4 rs733618 and rs4553808 gene variants with psoriasis vulgaris in Egyptian Population.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Article
- Finding the Common Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Three Autoimmune Diseases and Exploring Their Bio-Function by Using a Reporter Assay.Biomedicines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) has been linked to the majority of autoimmune diseases (ADs). However, non-HLA genes may be risk factors for ADs. A number of genes encoding proteins involved in regulating T-cell and B-cell function have been identified as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility genes. Methods: In this study, we investigated the association between RA and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory molecules in 124 RA cases and 100 healthy controls without immune-related diseases [including tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4), CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), and programmed cell death protein 1 (PDCD1)]. Results: The results showed that there were 13 SNPs associated with RA, including rs181758110 of TNFSF4 (CC vs. CT, Discussion: Consequently, these SNPs may play an important role in immune regulation, and further research into the role of these SNPs of immune regulatory genes in the pathogenesis of RA is required.
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Registered trials
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