ArticleHigher education research and development2023
College students' sense of belonging in times of disruption: Prospective changes from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in Higher education research and development, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Belongingness and loneliness in higher education: a meta-analysis of pre- and post-pandemic trends.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Disparate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on deaf college students.Journal of deaf studies and deaf education · 2025Article
- Evidence for College Students' Decreasing Sense of Belonging over Time: Direct and Moderated Results.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Student well-being: the impact of belonging, COVID-19 pandemic related student stress, loneliness, and academic anxiety.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Supporting social emotional learning and wellbeing of displaced adolescents from the middle east: a pilot evaluation of the 'forward with peers' intervention.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The current study examined whether college students' sense of belonging changed following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 252 (66.7% female) first- and second-year college students at a large public university in the United States. It was hypothesized that students would report a decrease in their sense of belonging from before to during the pandemic. It was also hypothesized that female students and racial-ethnic minority students, respectively, would report steeper declines in their sense of belonging compared to their male peers and to their White, non-Hispanic peers. Repeated-measures data were analyzed using a multilevel modeling framework to test for mean differences in students' levels of belonging from pre-COVID to during-COVID periods. No direct change in students' sense of belonging was detected. Moderation results indicated that sense of belonging decreased significantly over time for racial-ethnic minority students but not for White, non-Hispanic students. The findings encourage higher education researchers and practitioners to consider the unique experiences of racial-ethnic minority college students during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.