Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37457472›Full record

ArticleACS omega2023

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Thienothiadiazole-Based D-π-A-π-D Fluorophores as Potential NIR Imaging Agents.

Nicholas E Sparks, Sajith M Vijayan, Juganta K Roy, Austin Dorris, Ethan Lambert, Dilan Karunathilaka, Nathan I Hammer, Jerzy Leszczynski, Davita L Watkins

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Article in ACS omega, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Nicholas E SparksDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi University, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9578-3869
Sajith M VijayanDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi University, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States.
Juganta K RoyInterdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson-State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-5593
Austin DorrisDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi University, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States.
Ethan LambertDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi University, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States.
Dilan KarunathilakaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi University, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States.
Nathan I HammerDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi University, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6221-2709
Jerzy LeszczynskiInterdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson-State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States.
Davita L WatkinsDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi University, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0943-7220

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As fluorescence bioimaging has increased in popularity, there have been numerous reports on designing organic fluorophores with desirable properties amenable to perform this task, specifically fluorophores with emission in the near-infrared II (NIR-II) region. One such strategy is to utilize the donor-π-acceptor-π-donor approach (D-π-A-π-D), as this allows for control of the photophysical properties of the resulting fluorophores through modulation of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels. Herein, we illustrate the properties of thienothiadiazole (TTD) as an effective acceptor moiety in the design of NIR emissive fluorophores. TTD is a well-known electron-deficient species, but its use as an acceptor in D-π-A-π-D systems has not been extensively studied. We employed TTD as an acceptor unit in a series of two fluorophores and characterized the photophysical properties through experimental and computational studies. Both fluorophores exhibited emission maxima in the NIR-I that extends into the NIR-II. We also utilized electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to rationalize differences in the measured quantum yield values and demonstrated, to our knowledge, the first experimental evidence of radical species on a TTD-based small-molecule fluorophore. Encapsulation of the fluorophores using a surfactant formed polymeric nanoparticles, which were studied by photophysical and morphological techniques. The results of this work illustrate the potential of TTD as an acceptor in the design of NIR-II emissive fluorophores for fluorescence bioimaging applications.

Identifiers

PMID37457472
PMCPMC10339328

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.