ArticleTransplantation direct2023
The Association of Tacrolimus Formulation on Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function.
Article in Transplantation direct, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuro-Renal Crosstalk Across the Chronic Kidney Disease Spectrum: Stage-Dependent Molecular Mechanisms of Cognitive Impairment-An Integrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Tacrolimus modulates the PI3K AKT mTOR pathway in retinal epithelial cells under inflammatory stress.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Balancing Graft Survival and Neural Outcomes: Insights From a Systematic Review of Tacrolimus-Induced Neurotoxicity.Cureus · 2025Review
- LCP-tacrolimus-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a high-immunological-risk kidney transplant recipient.Journal of nephrology · 2025Article
- Changes in Cognitive Function After Kidney Transplantation: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors are inherent vasoconstrictors. Cerebral vasoconstriction can reduce cerebral blood flow (CBF), and negatively impact cerebrovascular response (CVR) to exercise, and cognitive function. The once-daily extended-release (LCP) tacrolimus has fewer side effects than the immediate-release (IR) tacrolimus. The role of calcineurin inhibitors on CBF and the impact of specific formulations of tacrolimus on CBF, CVR, and cognitive function are unknown. In this pilot study, we evaluated whether changing from IR tacrolimus to LCP tacrolimus modulates CBF, CVR, or cognitive function in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Methods: We randomized (2:1) 30 stable KT recipients on IR tacrolimus to intervention (switch to LCP tacrolimus) and control (continue IR tacrolimus) arms. We measured CBF, CVR, and cognitive function at baseline and at 12 wk. We used ANCOVA to evaluate changes in outcome variables, with baseline values and study arm as covariates. We used descriptive statistics with mean changes in outcome variables to compare the 2 groups. Results: Participants were 51 ± 13 y old. There was no difference in plasma tacrolimus levels at baseline and at 12 wk in the 2 arms. The changes in CBF, resting middle cerebral artery velocity, CVR, and cognitive function were more favorable in the intervention arm than in the control group. Conclusions: Changing IR tacrolimus to LCP tacrolimus may improve CBF, cerebrovascular dynamics, and cognitive function in KT recipients. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.