ReviewConflict and health2023
Primary healthcare delivery models in African conflict-affected settings: a systematic review.
Review in Conflict and health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Containment and response strategies for mpox outbreaks: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Primary healthcare models for refugees involving nurses: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Strengthening Primary Health Care for Improved Population Health and Health Equity in Somalia: A Narrative Review.Public health challenges · 2026Review
- Safeguarding Physical and Mental Health Rights in African Conflict Regions: Ethical Responsibilities, Barriers, and Collaborative Efforts.Journal of bioethical inquiry · 2026Review
- The health outcomes of shelter and settlements interventions in humanitarian crises: a systematic review.Conflict and health · 2026Review
- Skilled but displaced: navigating Sudan's surgical brain drain in the era of conflict.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Co-creating a decision-making framework for primary healthcare models in conflict-affected Cameroon and Nigeria.BMJ global health · 2026Observational
- Co-creation of community-based innovations to improve access to malaria treatment in conflict-affected regions of Cameroon.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Factors influencing selection of models of primary health care delivery in conflict-affected settings: analysis of surveys from humanitarian organizations in Cameroon and Nigeria.BMC health services research · 2026Observational
- Evaluating the technical efficiency of primary health facilities in delivering adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health services in Burkina Faso.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Innovative HIV care strategies and health system resilience in conflict-affected settings.Conflict and health · 2026Review
- Health conditions of older adults in complex humanitarian settings in low- and middle-income countries: a retrospective analysis of 2019-2025 data from Médecins Sans Frontières-supported inpatient departments.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Delivering an insecticide-treated net campaign in a complex operating environment: lessons from Anambra state, Nigeria.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Primary healthcare delivery adaptations in war-induced population displacement.Israel journal of health policy research · 2025Observational
- Developing an interprofessional conflict management framework for surgical residents: a qualitative study.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Unveiling health disparities in Palestine: a qualitative study of stakeholders' perspectives.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Mobile outreach clinics for improving health care services accessibility in vulnerable populations of the Diffa Region in Niger: a descriptive study.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Leaving no one behind in armed conflict-affected settings of Africa: is universal health coverage a possibility or mirage?Global health research and policy · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn conflict-affected settings, access to primary healthcare for displaced populations is constrained by multiple challenges. These include geographical, cultural, communication, logistical and financial barriers, as well as risks posed to health workers and the population by insecurity. Different models of care are used to provide primary healthcare to affected communities. However, there is a paucity of evidence on how these models are selected and implemented by organisations working in conflict and displacement-affected settings. Our aim was to explore the different primary healthcare delivery models used in conflict-affected settings to understand gaps in existing healthcare delivery models.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. The review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. We searched six databases for manuscripts published from January 1992 to December 2020. Publications were included if they reported primary healthcare models of care in conflict-affected settings of Africa. Data was analyzed descriptively and thematically using tables, charts and text.
resultsForty-eight primary research articles were included for analysis from which thirty-three were rated as "high" quality. The results showed that the models of care in place in these conflict-affected settings include health facility-based, community-based, mobile clinics, outreach and home visits. Primary healthcare for internally displaced persons and refugees is provided by a wide range of actors including national and international organisations. A range of services is offered, most commonly nutrition, mental health and sexual/reproductive health. Some organisations offer vertical (stand-alone) services, while others use an integrated service delivery model. Multiple cadres of healthcare workers provide services, frequently lay healthcare workers such as Community Health Workers.
conclusionUnderstanding the different modalities of primary healthcare delivery in conflict-affected settings is important to identify existing practices and gaps in service delivery. Service delivery using community health workers in conflict-affected settings is a low-cost primary care delivery strategy that may help optimize contributions of existing personnel through task shifting.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.