ReviewMolecular cancer2023
Immunotherapy: an emerging modality to checkmate brain metastasis.
Review in Molecular cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of immunotherapy in high-grade glioma: learning from the past to shape future perspectives.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Lactate-activated astrocytes promote NSCLC brain metastasis through extracellular vesicle-mediated miR-8085/TRIM67/ELK1 signaling axis.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- PD-1 Blockade-Induced DKK1 Expression by CD8+ T Cells Promotes Blood-Brain Barrier Permeabilization.Cancer discovery · 2026Article
- Glioblastoma insights: Focus on crosstalk with the suppressive tumor microenvironment and advanced therapeutic strategies.Medicine · 2025Review
- Final 3-year results from the EVIDENS study, an observational study of nivolumab in non-small cell lung cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2025Observational
- Modulating the pace: systemic targeted therapy, brain metastasis velocity, and outcomes after Gamma Knife radiosurgery in breast cancer brain metastases.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Cell therapies against brain tumors: Clinical development and emerging prospects.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Review
- Brain metastasis in a patient with metastatic urothelial carcinoma after 7 years of avelumab maintenance therapy: A case report.Urology case reports · 2025Article
- Immune response recalibration using immune therapy and biomimetic nano-therapy against high-grade gliomas and brain metastases.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Article
- MRI features and preliminary diagnostic assessment using large language models of cystic tumor progression mimicking radiation necrosis in brain metastasis patients treated with immunotherapy: case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- B cell immunity and therapeutic opportunities in brain metastases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immunotherapeutic and Targeted Strategies for Managing Brain Metastases from Common Cancer Origins: A State-of-the-Art Review.Current oncology reports · 2024Review
- Adding immune checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy confers modest survival benefit in patients with small cell lung cancer and brain metastases: a retrospective analysis.Translational lung cancer research · 2024Article
- Survival Analysis, Clinical Characteristics, and Predictors of Cerebral Metastases in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Development of an optimized machine learning approach for assessing brain metastatic burden in preclinical models.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- B7-H3 Expression in Breast Cancer and Brain Metastasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Histological types of brain tumors diagnosed at the Kenyatta National Hospital between 2016 and 2019: a retrospective study.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- A comprehensive neuroimaging review of the primary and metastatic brain tumors treated with immunotherapy: current status, and the application of advanced imaging approaches and artificial intelligence.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The diagnosis of brain metastasis (BrM) has historically been a dooming diagnosis that is nothing less than a death sentence, with few treatment options for palliation or prolonging life. Among the few treatment options available, brain radiotherapy (RT) and surgical resection have been the backbone of therapy. Within the past couple of years, immunotherapy (IT), alone and in combination with traditional treatments, has emerged as a reckoning force to combat the spread of BrM and shrink tumor burden. This review compiles recent reports describing the potential role of IT in the treatment of BrM in various cancers. It also examines the impact of the tumor microenvironment of BrM on regulating the spread of cancer and the role IT can play in mitigating that spread. Lastly, this review also focuses on the future of IT and new clinical trials pushing the boundaries of IT in BrM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.