ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2024
Comparison of the cytokine responses to acute strength exercise between oral contraceptive users and naturally cycling women.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond birth control: how oral contraceptives impact skeletal muscle health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of oral contraceptive use on cardiorespiratory and immune function in premenopausal women involved in exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Varying Influence of Menstrual Cycle Phase and Hormonal Contraceptive Use on Resistance Exercise-Induced Circulating Extracellular Vesicle and Metabolite Signalling.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Trial
- Oral contraceptive usage among healthcare workers and its impact on COVID-19 booster vaccination immunogenicity.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Influence of oestradiol on exercise induced muscular damage and heart rate variability in a non-trained healthy population.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Neutrophil but not lymphocyte response to matched interval and continuous running differs between protocols and sex.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Article
- Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Inflammation Management in Endurance Sports: Molecular Mechanisms and Practical Implications.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Unraveling the complex interplay of sex, endocrinology, and inflammation in post-Injury articular cartilage breakdown through in silico modeling.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeCytokines are released as part of an inflammatory reaction in response to strength exercise to initiate muscle repair and morphological adaptations. Whether hormonal fluctuations induced by the menstrual cycle or oral contraceptives affect inflammatory responses to strength exercise remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to compare the response of cytokines after acute strength exercise in naturally menstruating women and oral contraceptive users.
methodsNaturally menstruating women (MC, n = 13, 24 ± 4 years, weekly strength training: 4.3 ± 1.7 h) and women using a monophasic combined pill (> 9 months) (OC, n = 8, 22 ± 3 years, weekly strength training: 4.5 ± 1.9 h) were recruited. A one-repetition-maximum (1RM) test and strength exercise in the squat (4 × 10 repetitions, 70%1RM) was performed in the early follicular phase or pill free interval. Concentrations of oestradiol, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were assessed before (pre), directly after (post) and 24 h after (post
resultsIL-1ra increased from pre to post (+ 51.1 ± 59.4%, p = 0.189) and statistically decreased from post to post
conclusionWe showed a differential regulation of IL-1β and IL-1ra between OC users in the pill-free interval and naturally cycling women 24 h after strength exercise, while there was no effect on other cytokines. Whether this is associated with previously shown compromised morphological adaptations remains to be investigated.
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Registered trials
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