ArticleSleep health2023
Early emergence of racial and ethnic differences in sleep health among toddlers living in low-income families.
Article in Sleep health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The impact of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status on early adolescent sleep disturbances for youth exposed to adverse childhood experiences.Child abuse & neglect · 2025Article
- Screen time and sleep duration in pediatric critical care: Secondary analysis of a pilot observational study.Journal of pediatric nursingObservational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesEmerging evidence suggests racial and ethnic and socioeconomic differences in children's sleep health, yet few have examined these differences among very young children. The purpose of this study is to identify potential racial, ethnic, and sociodeomographic factors associated with multiple dimensions of sleep health in toddlers living in very low-income families.
participantsSample included 110 racially and ethnically diverse dyads with toddlers aged 12-15 months living in low-income families.
methodsActigraph data (9 days and nights), caregiver completed sleep diaries, Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire-extended, and caregiver-reported socioeconomic characteristics were collected.
resultsToddlers' average sleep duration (10.25 hours; SD = 0.76) was less than the age-based recommendations. There were significant race and ethnic differences in toddler's actigraph-measured bedtime (p < .001) and variability in bedtimes (p = .004). Non-LatinX White toddlers had earlier bedtimes and less variability than Black and LatinX children. These between-group differences remained statistically significant after controlling for measured socioeconomic variables (p's < 0.001). Within racial and ethnic group differences in bedtime and bedtime variability by education, employment, and marital status were identified with medium to large effect sizes.
conclusionsRacial and ethnic between-group differences in sleep occurred as early as 12 months of age and were not explained by sociodemographic variables (eg, income-to-needs, education, housing). Further research is necessary to determine structural and contextual factors that explain the racial and ethnic differences in sleep health in early childhood. Identifying these factors may inform the development of socially and culturally tailored interventions to reduce sleep health disparities.
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Registered trials
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