Trial reportEuropean stroke journal2023
Phase II randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in intracerebral haemorrhage: BLOcking the Cytokine IL-1 in ICH (BLOC-ICH).
Trial report in European stroke journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Interleukin-receptor antagonist and tumour necrosis factor inhibitors for the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Hematoma Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Concentrations Predict Long-Term Outcome in Acute Human Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Annals of neurology · 2026Trial
- Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk in Post-Hemorrhagic Neurovascular Microenvironment: Mechanistic Nodes, Cross-Stroke Comparisons, and Therapeutic Reprogramming.Translational stroke research · 2026Review
- Failed resolution of inflammation in intracerebral haemorrhage.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Astrocytic Redox Homeostasis as a Metabolic Modulator of DNA Damage and Repair in the Ischemic Penumbra.Cells · 2026Review
- Therapeutic strategies in intracerebral hemorrhage: from hematoma stabilization to alleviating secondary brain injury.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Review
- Microglial Membranes Wrapped Ultrasmall Medium-Entropy Ru Single-Atom Nanozyme: Enhanced Catalysis for Accelerating Inflammation/Redox Microenvironment Regulation in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Review
- Free Fatty Acids Correlate with the Interleukin-1 β and Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in the Early Subacute Phase of Stroke.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Interleukin-1 regulates myeloid cell trafficking and cerebral blood flow following intracerebral haemorrhage.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Article
- The Activity of Protectin DX, 17 HDHA and Leukotriene B4 Is Correlated with Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1Ra) in the Early Subacute Phase of Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Intranasal Autologous Conditioned Serum Attenuates Memory Impairment After mPFC Ischemia in Mice.Basic and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Immune cells in intracerebral hemorrhage.Brain hemorrhages · 2025Article
- New targets in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.Current opinion in neurology · 2025Review
- Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Intracerebral haemorrhage - mechanisms, diagnosis and prospects for treatment and prevention.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- Novel Therapeutics and Upcoming Clinical Trials Targeting Inflammation in Cardiovascular Diseases.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024Review
- Differentiation and regulation of CD4Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
- Systematic Review on the Role of IL-6 and IL-1β in Cardiovascular Diseases.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeRecombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) is an anti-inflammatory with efficacy in animal models of stroke. We tested the effect of anakinra on perihaematomal oedema in acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and explored effects on inflammatory markers.
methodsWe conducted a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with acute, spontaneous, supratentorial ICH between May 2019 and February 2021. Patients were randomised to 100 mg subcutaneous anakinra within 8 h of onset, followed by five, 12-hourly, 100 mg subcutaneous injections, or matched placebo. Primary outcome was oedema extension distance (OED) on a 72 h CT scan. Secondary outcomes included plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
findings25 patients (target = 80) were recruited, 14 randomised to anakinra, 11 to placebo. Mean age was 67 and 52% were male. The anakinra group had higher median baseline ICH volume (12.6 ml, interquartile range[IQR]:4.8-17.9) versus placebo (5.5 ml, IQR:2.1-10.9). Adjusting for baseline, 72 h OED was not significantly different between groups (mean difference OED anakinra vs placebo -0.05 cm, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.17-0.06,
conclusionWe describe feasibility for delivering anakinra in acute ICH and provide preliminary safety data. We lacked power to test for effects on oedema thus further trials will be required.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.