ArticleParasites & vectors2023
Invasive Aedes mosquitoes in an urban-peri-urban gradient in northern Spain: evidence of the wide distribution of Aedes japonicus.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of urban building structures on the distribution of breeding sites and ovitrap egg counts of Aedes albopictus in Pfaffengrund, Heidelberg, Germany.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Detection and Surveillance of InvasiveInsects · 2026Review
- Invasion dynamics of the disease vector Aedes japonicus in Spain.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Autochthonous transmission of dengue in Europe, with special attention to the Spanish context.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Review
- Mosquitoes and the city: effects of urbanization on Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens captures in southern Spain.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Article
- Targeting the Risk of Diptera-Borne Zoonoses by a Sentinel Equestrian Centers Program.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessing the spatio-temporal risk of Aedes-borne arboviral diseases in non-endemic regions: The case of Northern Spain.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Forecasting invasive mosquito abundance in the Basque Country, Spain using machine learning techniques.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Temporal Activity and Distribution of the Invasive MosquitoesTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Mosquitoes in urban green spaces and cemeteries in northern Spain.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe expansion of invasive mosquitoes throughout Europe has increased in recent decades. In northern Spain, Aedes albopictus was detected for the first time in 2014, and Aedes japonicus was detected in the three Basque provinces in 2020. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of these mosquito species and their association with factors related to urbanization.
methodsIn 2021, a total of 568 ovitraps were deployed in 113 sampling sites from 45 municipalities with > 10,000 inhabitants. Oviposition substrate sticks were replaced each fortnight and examined for Aedes eggs from June to November. Aedes eggs were counted, and the eggs from a selection of positive oviposition sticks, encompassing at least one stick from each positive ovitrap, were hatched following their life cycle until the adult stage. When egg hatching was not successful, PCR targeting the COI gene and sequencing of amplicons were carried out.
resultsEggs were detected in 66.4% of the sampling sites and in 32.4% of the ovitraps distributed in the three provinces of the Basque Country. Aedes albopictus and Ae. japonicus were widespread in the studied area, confirming their presence in 23 and 26 municipalities, respectively. Co-occurrence of both species was observed in 11 municipalities. The analysis of the presence of Aedes invasive mosquitoes and the degree of urbanization (urban, suburban, peri-urban) revealed that Ae. albopictus showed a 4.39 times higher probability of being found in suburban areas than in peri-urban areas, whereas Ae. japonicus had a higher probability of being found in peri-urban areas. Moreover, the presence of Ae. albopictus was significantly associated with municipalities with a higher population density (mean = 2983 inh/km
conclusionsThe wide distribution of Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus observed confirmed the spread and establishment of these species in northern Spain. A new colonization area of Ae. japonicus in Europe was confirmed. Due to the potential impact of Aedes invasive mosquitoes on public health and according to our results, surveillance programs and control plans should be designed considering different urbanization gradients, types of environments, and population density.
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