ArticleScientific reports2023
A dual mobile eye tracking study on natural eye contact during live interactions.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Looking at Social Interactions in Medical Education with Dual Eye-Tracking Technology: A Scoping Review.MedEdPublish (2016) · 2024Pooled it
- The links between direct gaze and social cognition - implications for impression accuracy and joint attention.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Spatial and Sequential Organization of Gaze During Facial Expression Recognition Tasks.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The right eye for fixations: Eye asymmetries modulate gaze patterns towards speakers.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Eye-Tracking-Driven Programming Metasurface System for Adaptive Beam Focusing and Polarization-Agile Communication.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Beauty in the eye of the beholder: Attention to attractive faces dissociates across covert and overt measures.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2025Article
- Taking the eye-tracker out to dinner: characterizing spatial attention biases during an everyday behavior using computer vision.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Face perception: a window into the social mind.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- TittaLSL: A toolbox for creating networked eye-tracking experiments in Python and MATLAB with Tobii eye trackers.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- Eye Tracking in Aging: Challenges, Best Practices, and Novel Frontiers.ACM transactions on applied perception · 2025Article
- Exploring the Role of Foveal and Extrafoveal Processing in Emotion Recognition: A Gaze-Contingent Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Intentional looks facilitate faster responding in observers.Communications psychology · 2024Article
- Influence of autistic traits and communication role on eye contact behavior during face-to-face interaction.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Sharing and Receiving Eye-Contact Predicts Mate Choice After a 5-Minute Conversation: Evidence from a Speed-Dating Study.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Article
- Interpersonal eye-tracking reveals the dynamics of interacting minds.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human eyes convey a wealth of social information, with mutual looks representing one of the hallmark gaze communication behaviors. However, it remains relatively unknown if such reciprocal communication requires eye-to-eye contact or if general face-to-face looking is sufficient. To address this question, while recording looking behavior in live interacting dyads using dual mobile eye trackers, we analyzed how often participants engaged in mutual looks as a function of looking towards the top (i.e., the Eye region) and bottom half of the face (i.e., the Mouth region). We further examined how these different types of mutual looks during an interaction connected with later gaze-following behavior elicited in an individual experimental task. The results indicated that dyads engaged in mutual looks in various looking combinations (Eye-to-eye, Eye-to-mouth, and Mouth-to-Mouth) but proportionately spent little time in direct eye-to-eye gaze contact. However, the time spent in eye-to-eye contact significantly predicted the magnitude of later gaze following response elicited by the partner's gaze direction. Thus, humans engage in looking patterns toward different face parts during interactions, with direct eye-to-eye looks occurring relatively infrequently; however, social messages relayed during eye-to-eye contact appear to carry key information that propagates to affect subsequent individual social behavior.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.