ArticleBMJ open respiratory research2023
Prevalence, risk factors, and mortality of COPD in young people in the USA: results from a population-based retrospective cohort.
Article in BMJ open respiratory research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the US: A Systematic Review of Nationally Representative Health Surveys.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Pooled it
- Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease in Adults with Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Literature Review.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of Clinical Characteristics and Lung Function Trajectories in Young COPD Patients Within the General Population.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Characterization of Patients with COPD and GOLD E Classification in the United States.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Never-Smokers-A Distinct Entity Within the COPD Spectrum.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- An Examination of Sex Differences and Cigarette Smoking as Predictors of COPD Prevalence and Incidence in Older US Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Epidemiological trends and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young individuals based on the 2021 global burden of disease data (1990-2021).BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Mapping the Global distribution, risk factors, and temporal trends of COPD incidence and mortality (1990-2021): ecological analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of young COPD, 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and clinical correlates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in heart failure patients: a cross-sectional study in China.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Contrasting the clinical and biological characteristics of young and old COPD patients.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Short-term exposure to outdoor nitrogen dioxide and respiratory mortality, with high-risk populations: a nationwide time-stratified case-crossover study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Association between metabolic syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development in young individuals: a nationwide cohort study.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Cognitive Functioning Influences Mortality Risk Among Older Adults with COPD.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Phenotyping of COPD with MRI in comparison to same-day CT in a multi-centre trial.European radiology · 2024Article
- Comprehensive appraisal of lung function in young COPD patients: a single center observational study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Observational
- Risk factors of acute exacerbation and disease progression in young patients with COPD.BMJ open respiratory research · 2024Observational
- Epidemiological characteristics of asthma-COPD overlap, its association with all-cause mortality, and the mediating role of depressive symptoms: evidence from NHANES 2005-2018.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The prevalence and mortality risks of PRISm and COPD in the United States from NHANES 2007-2012.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Assessment of Behavioral Risk Factors in Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases of the Lung Associated with Metabolic Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been considered a disease of the elderly, but it could also occur in young people aged 20-50 years. However, the characteristics and prognosis of COPD in such young people remain unclear.
methodsOur retrospective cohort study was based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants who 20-50 years old at baseline and completed the pulmonary function test were enrolled in our study cohort. These participants were followed up to 31 December 2019. The sample weight and Taylor Linearization Procedures were adapted to make representative estimations of prevalence and baseline characteristics. The weighted logistic regression model was used to assess the risk factors. The propensity score method and Cox proportional hazard models were applied to calculate the risk of mortality.
resultsThe weighted prevalence of COPD in young people in the USA was 1.64% and it increased with age, with a higher prevalence in males than females (2.59% vs 0.72%, p<0.001). The proportion of Global Initiative for COPD 1-2 was 96.7%. Males (OR=4.56, 95% CI: 2.74 to 7.61), non-Hispanic black (OR=2.77; 95% CI: 1.14 to 6.75), non-Hispanic white (OR=4.93; 95% CI: 2.16 to 11.28) and smoking (current smoking, OR=2.36; 95% CI: 1.40 to 3.98; ever smoking, OR=1.92; 95% CI: 1.05 to 3.51; passive smoking, OR=2.12; 95% CI: 1.41 to 3.20) were shown to be independent risk factors for COPD in young people. Compared with those matched by sex, age and race, the young people with COPD had a higher risk of all-cause death (HR=3.314, p<0.001).
conclusionCOPD in young people has a low prevalence in the USA and its independent risk factors included male, race (non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white) and smoking. Young COPD has a higher risk of all-cause mortality than the matched non-COPD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.