ArticleNeural regeneration research2023
Bexarotene improves motor function after spinal cord injury in mice.
Article in Neural regeneration research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Davunetide promotes structural and functional recovery of the injured spinal cord by promoting autophagy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Research Progress on Novel Lead Compounds for Central Nervous System Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Research Progress on Spinal Cord Repair Based on Regulation of the Neuroregenerative Microenvironment.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Neurons derived from NeuroD1-expressing astrocytes transition through transit-amplifying intermediates but lack functional maturity.Science advances · 2025Article
- Role of MS4A7 in Regulating Microglial Polarization and Neuroinflammation in Spinal Cord Injury via the cGAS-STING-NLRP3 Axis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Bexarotene ameliorated the pulmonary inflammation and M1 polarization of alveolar macrophages induced by cigarette smoke via PPARγ/HO-1.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Non-coding RNAs in the spotlight of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of cutaneous T cell lymphoma.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
- To re-examine the intersection of microglial activation and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases from the perspective of pyroptosis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a challenge in orthopedics because it causes irreversible damage to the central nervous system. Therefore, early treatment to prevent lesion expansion is crucial for the management of patients with spinal cord injury. Bexarotene, a type of retinoid, exerts therapeutic effects on patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and Parkinson's disease. Bexarotene has been proven to promote autophagy, but it has not been used in the treatment of spinal cord injury. To investigate the effects of bexarotene on spinal cord injury, we established a mouse model of T11-T12 spinal cord contusion and performed daily intraperitoneal injection of bexarotene for 5 consecutive days. We found that bexarotene effectively reduced the deposition of collagen and the number of pathological neurons in the injured spinal cord, increased the number of synapses of nerve cells, reduced oxidative stress, inhibited pyroptosis, promoted the recovery of motor function, and reduced death. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine reversed the effects of bexarotene on spinal cord injury. Bexarotene enhanced the nuclear translocation of transcription factor E3, which further activated AMP-activated protein kinase-S-phase kinase-associated protein 2-coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 and AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways. Intravenous injection of transcription factor E3 shRNA or intraperitoneal injection of compound C, an AMP-activated protein kinase blocker, inhibited the effects of bexarotene. These findings suggest that bexarotene regulates nuclear translocation of transcription factor E3 through the AMP-activated protein kinase-S-phase kinase-associated protein 2-coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 and AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin signal pathways, promotes autophagy, decreases reactive oxygen species level, inhibits pyroptosis, and improves motor function after spinal cord injury.
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