ArticleSynthetic and systems biotechnology2023
Enzymatic synthesis of indigo derivatives by tuning P450 BM3 peroxygenases.
Article in Synthetic and systems biotechnology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Empowering Precision C-H Functionalization: Advances in Peroxygenase Engineering.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Review
- Biocatalytic Indigo Synthesis From L-Tryptophan Using a Three-Step Cascade Without Cofactor Regeneration.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Article
- Engineering artificial biosynthetic pathway enables simultaneous production and in-situ bio-dyeing of indigoids for textiles.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Mapping of Some Further Alkylation-Initiated Pathways to Polyheterocyclic Compounds from Indigo and Indirubin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Choose Your Own Adventure: A Comprehensive Database of Reactions Catalyzed by Cytochrome P450 BM3 Variants.ACS catalysis · 2024Review
- A Continuous Extraction Protocol for the Characterisation of a Sustainably Produced Natural Indigo Pigment.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Indigoids, a class of bis-indoles, have long been applied in dyeing, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Recently, interest in these 'old' molecules has been renewed in the field of organic semiconductors as functional building blocks for organic electronics due to their excellent chemical and physical properties. However, these indigo derivatives are difficult to access through chemical synthesis. In this study, we engineer cytochrome P450 BM3 from an NADPH-dependent monooxygenase to peroxygenases through directed evolution. A select number of P450 BM3 variants are used for the selective oxidation of indole derivatives to form different indigoid pigments with a spectrum of colors. Among the prepared indigoid organic photocatalysts, a majority of indigoids demonstrate a reduced band gap than indigo due to the increased light capture and improved charge separation, making them promising candidates for the development of new organic electronic devices. Thus, we present a useful enzymatic approach with broad substrate scope and cost-effectiveness by using low-cost H
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