ArticleJournal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS2024
Factor structure of the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol neuropsychological battery in the Health and Retirement Study.
Article in Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Severe infections, domain-specific cognitive vulnerability, and future infection risk in older adults.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Recruitment Mode Selectivity and Interview Mode Measurement Effects in a Population-Based Assessment of Cognitive Performance.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2026Article
- Assessing Cognitive Impairment in the Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol Project: Comparing a Diagnostic Algorithm With a Diagnostic Consensus Panel.Journal of aging and health · 2026Article
- Comparative analyses of Alzheimer's disease blood biomarkers and cognitive domains.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Methodological adaptations for applying the Harmonised Cognitive Assessment Protocol diagnostic algorithm in the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NICOLA-HCAP).BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Self-Reported ADHD Symptoms and Cognitive Performance in a National Sample of US Older Adults.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- Measurement differences in the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol across ethnicity and language in the United States.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Normative cognitive data and psychometric validation of the 10/66 harmonized assessment protocol in Latin American.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in the Mexican population: evidence from Mex-Cog, a harmonized cognitive assessment protocol study.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- The measurement of cognition in large-scale cross-national surveys: lessons from the Health and Retirement Study International Network of Studies and the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Missing data and imputation in the international studies following the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol: What makes an HCAP an HCAP? An adaptive architecture for measuring cognitive aging around the world.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of visuospatial impairment in older adults: the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol.Innovation in aging · 2026Article
- Parental socioeconomic position, childhood poverty and healthy aging: retrospective and prospective study of six cohorts across 32 wealthy and developing nations.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Validation of cognitive and psychosocial tools in Kenya: findings from the LOSHAK feasibility pilot.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Latent Profiles Based on Combined Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline in European Older Adults: A Retrospective Study Based on the SHARE HCAP Project.Neurology international · 2025Article
- Parental socioeconomic position, childhood poverty and healthy ageing: retrospective and prospective study of six cohort surveys across 32 wealthy and developing nations.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Midlife cognitive testing in Africa: validity of the Harmonised Cognitive Assessment Protocol in the Kenya Life Panel Survey.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Measurement invariance of a general cognitive performance measure across 27 European countries and Israel.European journal of ageing · 2025Article
- Food insecurity and cognitive domains among older United States adults: Findings from the health and retirement study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThe Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) describes an assessment battery and a family of population-representative studies measuring neuropsychological performance. We describe the factorial structure of the HCAP battery in the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS).
methodThe HCAP battery was compiled from existing measures by a cross-disciplinary and international panel of researchers. The HCAP battery was used in the 2016 wave of the HRS. We used factor analysis methods to assess and refine a theoretically driven single and multiple domain factor structure for tests included in the HCAP battery among 3,347 participants with evaluable performance data.
resultsFor the eight domains of cognitive functioning identified (orientation, memory [immediate, delayed, and recognition], set shifting, attention/speed, language/fluency, and visuospatial), all single factor models fit reasonably well, although four of these domains had either 2 or 3 indicators where fit must be perfect and is not informative. Multidimensional models suggested the eight-domain model was overly complex. A five-domain model (orientation, memory delayed and recognition, executive functioning, language/fluency, visuospatial) was identified as a reasonable model for summarizing performance in this sample (standardized root mean square residual = 0.05, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, confirmatory fit index = 0.94).
conclusionsThe HCAP battery conforms adequately to a multidimensional structure of neuropsychological performance. The derived measurement models can be used to operationalize notions of neurocognitive impairment, and as a starting point for prioritizing pre-statistical harmonization and evaluating configural invariance in cross-national research.
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