ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Microcystin-LR-Induced Interaction between M2 Tumor-Associated Macrophage and Colorectal Cancer Cell Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Migration through Regulating the Expression of TGF-β1 and CST3.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Construction of circadian clock signature for tumor microenvironment in predicting survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Identifying the causal relationship between gut microbiota and lymphoma disease: a Mendelian randomization study and meta-analysis.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Microcystin-LR and its health impacts: Chemistry, transmission routes, mechanisms of toxicity and target organs.Toxicology reports · 2025Review
- Clinical value of cystatin S in patients with colorectal cancer chemotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Identification of Cystatin 3 as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Osteoporosis Using Machine Learning.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Role of cyanotoxins in the development and promotion of cancer.Toxicology reports · 2024Review
- Research progress of tumor-associated macrophages in immune checkpoint inhibitor tolerance in colorectal cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- Causal associations between gut microbiota and cutaneous melanoma: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- The role of innate immune cells in the colorectal cancer tumor microenvironment and advances in anti-tumor therapy research.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by cyanobacteria that has been demonstrated to promote colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism by which MC-LR enhances CRC in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is poorly understood. To elucidate its role in TME, a co-culture system was established using CRC cells and M2 macrophages in a Transwell chamber. The study found that MC-LR promotes CRC cell migration by upregulating TGF-β1 expression and secretion in M2 macrophages and downregulating CST3 in CRC cells. Neutralizing TGF-β1 increased CST3 expression in CRC cells, while overexpressing CST3 in CRC cells suppressed TGF-β1 expression in M2 macrophages, both of which weakened MC-LR-induced cellular motility in the co-culture system. In vivo, the mice in the MC-LR/AOM/DSS group had more tumor nodules, deeper tumor invasion, and higher M2 macrophage infiltration compared to the AOM/DSS group, and the expression of TGF-β1 and CST3 in tumors was consistent with the cellular level. Overall, this study provides insights into the regulatory mechanism of MC-LR on TME, revealing that MC-LR upregulates the expression and secretion of TGF-β1 in M2 macrophages, which in turn inhibits the expression of CST3 in CRC cells to promote migration.
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