ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2023
Exogenous Ochronosis: Characterizing a Rare Disorder in Skin of Color.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aging and Herbal Interventions: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Exploring the potential mechanisms of hydroquinone on bladder cancer using network toxicology, Mendelian randomization analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- From Cosmetic Abuse to Clinical Mismanagement: A National Simulated Patient Study Assessing Community Pharmacists' Stewardship of Topical Corticosteroids in Jordan.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Facial Lichen Planus Pigmentosus-Like Pigmentation Induced by Vicks VapoRub: A Case Report.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Article
- An Update on New and Existing Treatments for the Management of Melasma.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2024Review
- An update on the safety of hydroquinone.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Review
- Article
- Facial Melanosis: A Comprehensive Review of Uncommon and Common Presentations with Personal Experience.Indian journal of dermatologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exogenous ochronosis is a rare dyschromia that primarily impacts those with skin of color. It is characterized by blue-black pigmentation and is associated with the long-term application of skin-lightening creams containing hydroquinone. Commonly confused with other dyschromias, the use of skin lightening topicals can cause paradoxical skin darkening in patients with known exogenous ochronosis. This is highly distressing to patients, often worsening the underlying dyschromia and making treatment more difficult. A 10-year retrospective analysis was conducted that revealed 25 patients with exogenous ochronosis. The average patient used a skin lightening cream for 9.2 years, with exogenous ochronosis most commonly arising on the cheeks (68%), forehead (24%), and temples (20%). Furthermore, this study identified that patients with exogenous ochronosis may respond well to treatment with Q-switched Alexandrite laser and microneedling. The incidence of exogenous ochronosis is likely to increase as demographics shift and access to a wide range of over-the-counter topicals becomes more available, both in the United States and worldwide. Therefore, it is imperative to better characterize exogenous ochronosis to identify best treatment practices for all patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.