ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Performance of the Malmgren Index for Assessing Root Resorption on 2D vs. 3D Radiographs: A Pilot Study.
Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Volumetric analysis of external root resorption after clear aligner treatment of open bite cases: a CBCT study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Favorable Eruption Despite External Replacement Root Resorption in Delayed Replantation of Avulsed Teeth Treated With Regenerative Endodontics-An Observational Study.Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology · 2026Observational
- Apical root resorption in Class III patients following pronounced mandibular incisor retraction with lingual high precision fixed appliances: a retrospective cohort study.Head & face medicine · 2026Article
- Use of CBCT in Orthodontics: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo compare the performance of the Malmgren index on 2D and 3D radiographs.
methodsPatients with a panoramic radiograph and a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) taken at an interval of <3 months and presenting root resorption (RR) on at least one incisor and/or canine were retrospectively included. RR was scored twice by two observers using the Malmgren index in both the 2D and 3D sets, and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated.
results155 teeth were analyzed. The ICC was the lowest in 2D, followed by overall, transversal and sagittal 3D. Malmgren scores were systematically higher in 2D, which overestimated RR, especially in the transversal plane on all incisors and canines and in the sagittal plane on the maxillary incisors. 2D respectively leads to 28.0-34.8% of false positives and negatives when discriminating between RR or not. The early stages of RR are often misdiagnosed in 2D, while later stages are more accurate.
conclusionsThe original Malmgren index is not suited for 3D images, especially axial, where using dichotomized values (resorption yes/no) leads to overestimation of RR. A low-dose CBCT of the upper incisors could detect RR with high diagnostic accuracy in the early stages of orthodontic treatment, especially in patients with dental trauma or familial RR history.
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