ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Profile of Bioactive Components of Cocoa (
Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Green Extraction Techniques for Recovering Polyphenols From Cocoa Bean Shells for Application in Food Processing: A Systematic Review.Journal of food science · 2026Pooled it
- Potential Application of Cocoa Extract in Preventing Skin Cancer Through Inhibition of Adenosine Receptor A2, VEGFR-2, and BCL-2:Medeniyet medical journal · 2026Article
- Nutritional and Phytochemical Composition of AndeanPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cocoa Honey (ACS omega · 2026Review
- Beyond Taste: The Impact of Chocolate on Cardiovascular and Steatotic Liver Disease Risk Factors.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Estimation of Antioxidant Consumption in an Adolescent Population from a School in Pachuca de Soto, Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study by Convenience Sample.Pediatric reports · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Cacao: A Comprehensive Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Cocoa by-products extracts suppress viral replication and oxidative stress in chikungunya virus-infected cells.PloS one · 2026Article
- Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activity of Seeds and Mucilage of Non-Traditional Cocoas.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mixture Design and Doehlert Matrix for Optimization of Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction (EDGE) of Theobromine and Caffeine from Cocoa Bean Shells.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Extraction of Biomolecules from Coffee and Cocoa Agroindustry Byproducts Using Alternative Solvents.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Ecuadorian Cacao Mucilage as a Novel Culture Medium Ingredient: Unveiling Its Potential for Microbial Growth and Biotechnological Applications.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Improving the Extraction of Polyphenols from Cocoa Bean Shells by Ultrasound and Microwaves: A Comparative Study.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Agro-Industrial By-Products of Plant Origin: Therapeutic Uses as well as Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity.Biomolecules · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the profile of bioactive compounds in cocoa residues (mucilage and bean shells), and to evaluate their antioxidant activity in two cocoa varieties, Nacional X Trinitario type (Fine Aroma) and the variety CCN-51. The extraction of phytonutrients from the residues was carried out selectively. The characterization and quantification of the total polyphenol content (TPC), and the total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the phenolic profile and methylxanthines. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the methods of 2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation bleaching (ABTS), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The exudate mucilage samples from Nacional X Trinitario-type cocoa presented the highest content of TPC 105.08 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 mL, TFC 36.80 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/100 mL, catechin (CAT) 35.44 mg/g, procyanidins (PCB2: 35.10; PCB1: 25.68; PCC1: 16.83 mg/L), epicatechin (EPI) 13.71 mg/L, caffeine (CAF) 0.90% and theobromine (TBR) 2.65%. In the cocoa bean shell, the variety CCN-51 presented a higher content of TPC (42.17 mg GAE/100 g) and TFC (20.57 mg CE/100 g). However, CAT (16.16 mg/g), CAF (0.35%) and TBR (1.28%) were higher in the Nacional X Trinitario cocoa type. The EPI presented no significant differences between the two samples studied (0.83 and 0.84 mg/g). The antioxidant activity values (ABTS, FRAP and ORAC methods) were higher in the samples of CCN-51 than in the Nacional X Trinitario type. The bean shell samples presented antioxidant values of 171.32, 192.22 and 56.87 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/g, respectively, and the bean shell samples presented antioxidant values of 167.06, 160.06 and 52.53 mg TE/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity (ABTS, FRAP and ORAC) of the residues was correlated with the bioactive compounds of the mucilage and bean shells, showing a strong positive correlation (<0.99) with the procyanidins (B1, B2 and C1), EPI and CAT and a positive/moderate correlation (0.94) with methylxanthines.
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Registered trials
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