ReviewDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Tear Cytokine Levels in Sicca Syndrome-Related Dry Eye: A Meta-Analysis.
Review in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Varenicline Solution Nasal Spray for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease in Sjogren's Disease: A Pilot Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Trial
- Pathological mechanisms of Sjögren's disease-related dry eye: from multiglandular dysfunction to ocular surface inflammation.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Clinical significance of corneal confocal microscopy characteristics and inflammatory cytokines in Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye disease.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Correlation between tear cytokine profiles and corneal injury degree in patients with dry eye syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Profiling of Cytokines and Growth Factors: Pathogenic Roles and Clinical Applications in Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Emerging Age-Specific Therapeutic Approaches for Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Interpreting the Function of the IL-23/IL-17 Axis through Bioinformatics.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- TNF is a critical cytokine in age-related dry eye disease.The ocular surface · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that affects exocrine glands, mainly salivary and lacrimal glands. Several studies have investigated cytokine profiles in tears in order to understand the pathogenesis of SS and find additional diagnostic markers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze cytokines in tears of SS patients. A systematic literature search of the Cochrane, Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted using key terms related to "Sjögren's syndrome" and "tears" combined with "biomarker", "cytokines", "interleukin", and "chemokines", following PRISMA guidelines. Article selection was subjected to certain eligibility criteria. A total of 17 articles (from 1998 and 2022) were selected for the quantitative and qualitative analysis. When compared to controls, concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1 Ra, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 were consistently higher; however, IL-23 was significantly lower in patients with SS compared to the controls. Tear levels of some cytokines were significantly elevated among SS groups compared to control groups. Therefore, these cytokines could be potential biomarkers of SS. However, standardization of sample collection and analytical methods is necessary in order to translate these findings into clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.