SynthesisAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2023
Efficacy of immunotherapy and prognosis in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients: A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Basal Ganglia Lesion Associated With Faciobrachial Dystonic Seizures (FBDS) in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis: A Clinicopathological Case Report.Neuropathology and applied neurobiology · 2026Article
- Fifteen years of autoimmune encephalitis in Denmark: incidence, epidemiology, and trends in treatment.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Relapse risk and functional outcomes in anti-LGI1 encephalitis: A multicenter retrospective analysis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Preliminary observations on the efficacy of efgartigimod in anti-LGI1-associated autoimmune encephalitis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Acute and Long-Term Immune-Treatment Strategies in Anti-LGI1 Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Observational
- Development of a prediction model integrating PD-1 and ICOS for early differential diagnosis between autoimmune and viral encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- LGI1 encephalitis: potentially complement-activating anti-LGI1-IgG subclasses 1/2/3 are associated with the development of hippocampal sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Origin and significance of leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Identifying Key Prognostic Indicators for Relapse and Chronic Epilepsy in Autoimmune Encephalitis: Insights from a Multicenter Retrospective Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy for LGI1 antibody encephalitis, and consider the predictors of poor outcomes following immunotherapy.
methodsWe searched PubMed and Embase for articles reporting the immunotherapy data of anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients. The proportions of patients with poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score > 2) at 3 months, 12 months, and the last follow-up, as well as the odds ratio [OR] of predictors were pooled.
resultsThe review included 162 articles with 1066 patients. The proportion of patients with poor functional outcomes was 21% at 3 months, 14% at 12 months, and 14% at the last follow-up after receiving immunotherapy. The proportion of patients with reported relapse was 16.6%. The mean duration from onset to the first relapse was 15.6 months. Predictors significantly associated with poor outcomes were age (increase of 1 year), the presence of cognitive impairment, and CSF LGI1 antibody positive. We did not find a statistically significant association between the worst mRS score in the acute phase, the presence of faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), days from symptom onset to immunotherapy, second-line treatment, maintenance immunotherapy, or follow-up time and outcomes.
interpretationAlthough most patients respond to immunotherapy, a minority of patients still have poor outcomes. Advanced age, cognitive impairment, and CSF LGI1 antibody positive are associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes. However, due to the insufficiency of the data, these conclusions need to be interpreted with caution.
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