ArticleTranslational psychiatry2023
Early-life differences in the gut microbiota composition and functionality of infants at elevated likelihood of developing autism spectrum disorder.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 0 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early-Life Microbiome and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Milk phospholipid-coated lipid droplets modulate the infant gut microbiota and metabolome influencing weight gain.Microbiome · 2025Trial
- The putative role of the microbiota in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders following early childhood malnutrition.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Perinatal ampicillin exposure alters murine maternal fecal bile acid and acylcarnitine profiles.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Interaction of the Gut Microbiota and the Enteric Nervous System: Implications in Gastrointestinal Disorders Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Review
- Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Dependent Neuroimmune Regulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder Pathogenesis.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- The Gut Microbiome in Early Ontogeny: Implications for Brain and Immune System Development.Journal of developmental biology · 2026Review
- Neonatal gut Bifidobacterium associates with indole-3-lactic acid levels in blood and risk of ADHD at age 10.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- From microbes to milestones: Gut bacterial abundances and functional pathways associate with neurodevelopment following preterm birth.Gut microbiology · 2026Article
- Isolation and genetic analysis of anBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Chronic Gastrointestinal Symptoms Have Alterations in Intestinal Neurotransmitter Pathways.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and western dietary patterns associated with behavioral problems in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
- Microbiome biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder: Toward prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- Development of the Gut Microbiota throughout the First Year of Life and Its Association with Socio-Emotional Development into Childhood.Developmental neuroscience · 2026Article
- [Research progress on maternal factors influencing the risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring from a gut-brain axis perspective].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2026Review
- Antibiotic Exposure Through Human Milk Influences the Infant Gut Microbiome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A Review of Gut Microbiota Dynamics: From Healthy Gestation to Gestational Diabetes in Human and Mouse Models.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- An integrative multi-omics approach identifies microbiome alterations linked to pathological and behavioral features in autism spectrum disorder.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Probiotics as Modulators of Adult Neurogenesis and Synaptic Plasticity: New Perspectives in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Affective Disorders.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism: Clinical Correlations and Future Directions.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evidence from cross-sectional human studies, and preliminary microbial-based intervention studies, have implicated the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the neurobiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using a prospective longitudinal study design, we investigated the developmental profile of the fecal microbiota and metabolome in infants with (n = 16) and without (n = 19) a family history of ASD across the first 36 months of life. In addition, the general developmental levels of infants were evaluated using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) test at 5 and 36 months of age, and with ADOS-2 at 36 months of age. At 5 months of age, infants at elevated-likelihood of ASD (EL) harbored less Bifidobacterium and more Clostridium and Klebsiella species compared to the low-likelihood infants (LL). Untargeted metabolic profiling highlighted that LL infants excreted a greater amount of fecal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at 5 months, which progressively declined with age. Similar age-dependent patterns were not observed in the EL group, with GABA being consistently low across all timepoints. Integrated microbiome-metabolome analysis showed a positive correlation between GABA and Bifidobacterium species and negative associations with Clostridium species. In vitro experiments supported these observations demonstrating that bifidobacteria can produce GABA while clostridia can consume it. At the behavioral level, there were no significant differences between the EL and LL groups at 5 months. However, at 36 months of age, the EL group had significantly lower MSEL and ADOS-2 scores compared to the LL group. Taken together, the present results reveal early life alterations in gut microbiota composition and functionality in infants at elevated-likelihood of ASD. These changes occur before any behavioral impairments can be detected, supporting a possible role for the gut microbiota in emerging behavioral variability later in life.
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