ArticleVirology journal2023
Research article antibody induction and immune response in nasal cavity by third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.
Article in Virology journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Key messengers in the gut-nose axis: mechanisms of gut microbial metabolites in the immunomodulation of allergic rhinitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Oral Immunisation With Non-GMO Surface Displayed SARS-CoV-2 Spike Epitopes on Bacteria-Like Particles Provokes Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses, and Modulated the Gut Microbiome in Mice.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Article
- mRNA vaccine-induced IgG mediates nasal SARS-CoV-2 clearance in mice.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 mRNA booster vaccination elicits limited mucosal immunity.Science translational medicine · 2024Article
- Association of gut microbiota with the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in people living with HIV.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Use of a point-of-care test to rapidly assess levels of SARS-CoV-2 nasal neutralising antibodies in vaccines and breakthrough infected individuals.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The SeroNet Clinical and Translational Serology Task Force (CTTF) SARS-CoV-2 mucosal immunity methodological considerations and best practices workshop.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Alterations in the gut microbiome and its metabolites are associated with the immune response to mucosal immunization withFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe mucosa serves as the first defence against pathogens and facilitates the surveillance and elimination of symbiotic bacteria by mucosal immunity. Recently, the mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated to induce secretory antibodies in the oral and nasal cavities in addition to a systemic immune response. However, the mechanism of induced immune stimulation effect on mucosal immunity and commensal bacteria profile remains unclear.
methodsHere, we longitudinally analysed the changing nasal microbiota and both systemic and nasal immune response upon SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, and evaluated how mRNA vaccination influenced nasal microbiota in 18 healthy participants who had received the third BNT162b.
resultsThe nasal S-RBD IgG level correlated significantly with plasma IgG levels until 1 month and the levels were sustained for 3 months post-vaccination. In contrast, nasal S-RBD IgA induction peaked at 1 month, albeit slightly, and correlated only with plasma IgA, but the induction level decreased markedly at 3 months post-vaccination. 16 S rRNA sequencing of the nasal microbiota post-vaccination revealed not an overall change, but a decrease in certain opportunistic bacteria, mainly Fusobacterium. The decrease in these bacteria was more pronounced in those who exhibited nasal S-RBD IgA induction, and those with higher S-RBD IgA induction had lower relative amounts of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas pre-vaccination. In addition, plasma and mucosal S-RBD IgG levels correlated with decreased commensal pathogens such as Finegoldia.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induced S-RBD antibodies in the nasal mucosa and may have stimulated mucosal immunity against opportunistic bacterial pathogens. This effect, albeit probably secondary, may be considered one of the benefits of mRNA vaccination. Furthermore, our data suggest that a cooperative function of mucosal and systemic immunity in the reduction of bacteria and provides a better understanding of the symbiotic relationship between the host and bacteria in the nasal mucosa.
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