Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37443078›Full record

ArticleInternational breastfeeding journal2023

Associations of in-hospital postpartum feeding experiences with exclusive breastfeeding practices among infants in rural Sichuan, China.

Ann M Weber, Yian Guo, Evelyn Zhang, Susan Gruber, Alexis Medina, Huan Zhou, Gary L Darmstadt

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International breastfeeding journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ann M WeberDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA. annweber@unr.edu.
Yian GuoRural Education Action Program (REAP), Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Evelyn ZhangRural Education Action Program (REAP), Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Susan GruberPutnam Data Sciences, LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Alexis MedinaRural Education Action Program (REAP), Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Huan ZhouDepartment of Health and Social Behavior Science, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China. zhouhuan@scu.edu.cn.
Gary L DarmstadtDepartment Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn rural China, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) prevalence is low and hospitals often fail to attain baby-friendly feeding objectives, such as ≥ 75% of newborns exclusively breastfed from birth to discharge. Empirical evidence for the impact of increased hospital compliance with recommended feeding guidelines on continued EBF in rural China is lacking. We sought to measure and model the association of newborns' in-hospital feeding experiences with EBF practice in infancy to inform policies for EBF promotion.

methodsData were cross-sectional from 785 caregivers of infants < 6 months of age, collected from November to December 2019 in four underdeveloped counties/districts in Sichuan Province. In-hospital feeding practices were determined, and prevalence of current infant feeding practices was calculated from 24-h recall and categorized according to WHO/UNICEF Infant and Young Child Feeding categories as EBF, breastfed with non-milk liquids, mixed feeding, breastfed with solids, and not breastfed. Relative risk ratios were estimated using adjusted multinomial logistic regression to examine risk factors for non-EBF practices compared to EBF, including in-hospital feeding experiences. The regression model was used to investigate change in EBF prevalence under alternative in-hospital experiences.

resultsOnly 38.1% of under-six-month-old infants were being exclusively breastfed when data were collected; 61.8% and 77.6% had been fed water and infant formula, respectively, in the hospital. Infants who were fed water or formula before discharge were estimated as 2-3 times as likely to be non-EBF than EBF up to age six months. According to our model, EBF prevalence would have increased to 53.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 46.1, 61.2) had ≥ 75% of infants been exclusively breastfed and water-based feeds eliminated in-hospital.

conclusionsGiven the importance of infants' first feeding experiences in the establishment and continuation of EBF, it is imperative that rural Chinese hospitals actively seek to limit infant formula feeds to medically indicated situations and eliminate water-based feeds.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingPostpartum PeriodFemaleHospitalsHumansInfantInfant, NewbornRisk FactorsWaterWaterBaby-friendly hospitalsExclusive breastfeedingInfant and young child feedingInfant formulaPublic health policyRural China

Identifiers

PMID37443078
PMCPMC10347832

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.