Effectiveness of a 24-hour access outpatient clinic for patients with chronic conditions in hospital outpatient follow-up: a registry-based controlled cohort study of healthcare utilisation and mortality.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a 24-hour telephone access outpatient clinic (24-hour access clinic) in terms of healthcare utilisation and mortality in patients with five chronic conditions (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atrial fibrillation/flutter, congestive heart failure, inflammatory bowel disease and chronic liver disease). Methods and analysis: This was a registry-based controlled cohort study. The 24-hour access clinic was established at Silkeborg Regional Hospital in Central Denmark Region. The five other regional hospitals served as comparison hospitals. The 24-hour access clinic allowed patients with five chronic conditions with ongoing hospital outpatient follow-up to call the hospital outpatient clinic in case of an exacerbation. Outcomes were use of hospital admissions, length of stay (LOS), outpatient visits, contacts to general practice and all-cause mortality during 18 months of follow-up. Results: The study included 992 the 24-hour access patients and 3878 usual care patients. For the five conditions combined, the 24 hours access patients had fewer all-cause admissions (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.81, 95% Cl 0.71 to 0.92), general practice out-of-hours contacts (IRR 0.81, 95% C 0.71 to.92) and shorter LOS (IRR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.88). The rate of all-cause outpatient visits tended to be higher (IRR 1.07, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.15). General practice daytime contacts were similar between the groups, and there was no significant difference in mortality. Conclusions: The results suggest that a 24-hour telephone access clinic may lead to enhanced integration of care measured as unplanned acute care substituted with planned outpatient care.