ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2023
SARS-CoV-2 in lions, gorillas and zookeepers in the Rotterdam Zoo, the Netherlands, a One Health investigation, November 2021.
Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serological investigation of zoo animals: SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detected in a European moose and an Asian golden cat.One health outlook · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 within-host population expansion, diversification and adaptation in zoo tigers, lions and hyenas.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Current Advances and Applications of Animal Models in SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Distribution and prevalence ofJournal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- One Health Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Non-Human Primates and Small Mammals in Minas Gerais, Brazil.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in European bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland, 2019-2023.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Article
- One Health adjuvant selection for vaccines against zoonotic infections.Exploration of medicine · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in captive animals at the belo horizonte zoo, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Virology journal · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in lions, tigers and hyenas at Denver Zoo.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Bison, Elk, and Other Captive Wildlife Species Humoral Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Serological Screening of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Several Mammalian Species in Wilhelma Zoo, Stuttgart, Germany.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Breaking the Barrier: SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Wild and Companion Animals and Their Implications for Public Health.Viruses · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 in Captive Nonhuman Primates, Spain, 2020-2023.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Zoological Institutions.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Pediatric Respiratory Pathogens Circulate in Children and Adults in Communities Near Susceptible Wild Great Ape Populations in Uganda.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Molecular and Serological Studies on Potential SARS-CoV-2 Infection among 43 Lemurs under Human Care-Evidence for Past Infection in at Least One Individual.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In November 2021, seven western lowland gorillas and four Asiatic lions were diagnosed with COVID-19 at Rotterdam Zoo. An outbreak investigation was undertaken to determine the source and extent of the outbreak and to identify possible transmission routes. Interviews were conducted with staff to identify human and animal contacts and cases, compliance with personal protective equipment (PPE) and potential transmission routes. Human and animal contacts and other animal species suspected to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Positive samples were subjected to sequencing. All the gorillas and lions that could be tested (3/7 and 2/4, respectively) were RT-PCR positive between 12 November and 10 December 2021. No other animal species were SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive. Forty direct and indirect human contacts were identified. Two direct contacts tested RT-PCR positive 10 days after the first COVID-19 symptoms in animals. The zookeepers' viral genome sequences clustered with those of gorillas and lions. Personal protective equipment compliance was suboptimal at instances. Findings confirm transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among animals and between humans and animals but source and directionality could not be established. Zookeepers were the most likely source and should have periodic PPE training. Sick animals should promptly be tested and isolated/quarantined.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.