Observational studyAnesthesiology2023
Anesthesia and Sedation Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants Undergoing Congenital Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Observational study in Anesthesiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surgical and postoperative management of congenital heart disease: a systematic review of observational studies.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative Analysis of Image Quality of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease in Sedated vs. Non-sedated Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Prevalence of Optimal Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 4.5-Years in Children Previously on Ventricular Assist Device Support.Pediatric transplantation · 2026Article
- Bioengineered human brain organoids and organ-on-chip platforms for exposure-aware assessment of developmental neurotoxicity induced by general anesthetics and sedatives.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Evaluating the Prevalence of Optimal Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 2 Years in Children Previously on Ventricular Assist Device Support.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Sevoflurane exposure in early life: mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity in immature rat brains without long-term memory loss.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Reply to C.T. Matava et al.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Article
- Early extubation after pediatric cardiac surgery.Anesthesia and pain medicine · 2024Article
- Unveiling the hidden dangers: a review of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity.Cell biology and toxicology · 2024Review
- Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildren undergoing complex cardiac surgery are exposed to substantial cumulative doses of sedative medications and volatile anesthetics and are more frequently anesthetized with ketamine, compared with healthy children. This study hypothesized that greater exposure to sedation and anesthesia in this population is associated with lower neurodevelopmental scores at 18 months of age.
methodsA secondary analysis was conducted of infants with congenital heart disease who participated in a prospective observational study of environmental exposures and neurodevelopmental outcomes to assess the impact of cumulative volatile anesthetic agents and sedative medications. Cumulative minimum alveolar concentration hours of exposure to volatile anesthetic agents and all operating room and intensive care unit exposures to sedative and anesthesia medications were collected before administration of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley III), at 18 months of age.
resultsThe study cohort included 41 (37%) single-ventricle and 69 (63%) two-ventricle patients. Exposures to volatile anesthetic agents, opioids, benzodiazepines, and dexmedetomidine were not associated with abnormal Bayley III scores. At 18-month follow-up, after adjusting for confounders, each mg/kg increase in ketamine exposure was associated with a 0.34 (95% CI, -0.64 to -0.05) point decrease in Bayley III motor scores (P = 0.024).
conclusionsTotal cumulative exposures to volatile anesthetic agents were not associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in infants with congenital heart disease undergoing various imaging studies and procedures, whereas higher ketamine doses were associated with poorer motor performance. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE:
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