ArticleBMC psychiatry2023
Characterization of different types of anxiety disorders in relation to structural integration of personality and adverse and protective childhood experiences in psychotherapy outpatients - a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anxiety disorders: a cross-sectional study of clinical and biological associations.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- A Narrative Review of the Co-Occurrence and Interaction of Childhood Emotional Neglect and Overprotection in Developmental Pathways to Disordered Eating.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Level of personality functioning scale-brief form 2.0: validity and reliability of the Chinese version.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Predictors for improvement in personality functioning during outpatient psychotherapy: A machine learning approach within a psychodynamic psychotherapy sample.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2024Article
- The mediating role of neuroticism and anxiety sensitivity in the relationship between childhood trauma and panic disorder severity.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Psychodynamic profiles of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder in China.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Examining childhood experiences and personality functioning as potential predictors for the speed of recovery during psychotherapy of patients with anxiety disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCurrent research has emphasized the role of structural integration of personality and childhood experiences for the understanding of anxiety disorders. In this study, we examined the relationship between anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder vs. panic disorder vs. phobic disorders), the level of structural integration of personality, and negative and protective childhood experiences at the beginning of outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy treatment. Differences were characterized in comparison to patients with no anxiety disorders.
methodsThe sample included a total of 1646 outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy treatments, of which 695 treatments included the diagnosis of at least one anxiety disorder. Levels of structural integration of personality were assessed according to the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD-2) system. Self-reported negative and protective childhood experiences were examined by using the Questionnaire for the Assessment of Adverse and Protective Childhood Experiences (APC). Associations were tested using single factor ANOVAs.
resultsPatients with anxiety disorders showed lower levels of structural integration of personality and reported more adverse childhood experiences than patients with no anxiety disorders. Regarding the subscales of structural integration of personality, phobic disorders were associated with impaired external communication, whereas for generalized anxiety disorder, an (uncorrected) association with impaired self-regulation was found. Also, generalized anxiety disorder was associated with sexual abuse and other traumatization (accidents etc.) during childhood, while panic disorder and phobic disorders were associated with emotional neglect, abuse, and fewer protective childhood experiences.
conclusionsOur findings emphasize the need of considering structural integration of personality and childhood experiences in order to understand and treat various types of anxiety disorders.
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