ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2023
Chimeric antigen receptor macrophages activated through TLR4 or IFN-γ receptors suppress breast cancer growth by targeting VEGFR2.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- A narrative review of barrier-matched engineering of macrophages for solid tumor immunotherapy: design logic, translational barriers and clinical outlook.Translational cancer research · 2026Review
- Next-generation macrophage engineering in cancer therapy: From TAM reprogramming to CAR-macrophages.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor-macrophages: A new paradigm for cell therapy.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- An in situ generated CAR-M with IFN-γ and negative dominance Sirpα isoform augments hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Breast cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms of immune evasion, biomarkers, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Optimizing next-generation CAR-macrophages against solid tumors: challenges and potential strategies.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Metabolic engineering of SLC38A2 reprograms glutamine utilization and enhances CAR-macrophage antitumor function in solid tumors.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Article
- CAR-macrophages: a new chapter in cancer immunotherapy.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Article
- Optimization of THP-1-CAR monocytes utilizing CD32a signaling phagocytosis for antigen-specific T cell activation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Therapeutic Targets: Deciphering Interaction Networks and Advancing Clinical Translation.MedComm · 2026Review
- Beyond αβ T cells: unlocking the potential of diverse immune cells in CAR modification.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Review
- Innate immune cells in chimeric antigen receptor therapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor macrophages therapy for glioblastoma: challenges and opportunities from preclinical evidence to clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CD86 costimulation enhances the antitumor activity of NKG2D CAR-Macrophages and synergizes with Anti-PD-L1 therapy to suppress prostate cancer progression.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Harnessing chimeric antigen receptor macrophages against solid tumors.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2025Review
- New power in cancer immunotherapy: the rise of chimeric antigen receptor macrophage (CAR-M).Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- CAR-Macrophage Cell Therapy: A New Era of Hope for Pancreatic Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Review
- Review
- Role of tumor microenvironment in cancer promotion, development of drug resistance and cancer treatment.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2025Review
- Expanding the frontier of CAR therapy: comparative insights into CAR-T, CAR-NK, CAR-M, and CAR-DC approaches.Annals of hematology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor macrophage (CAR-M) is a promising immunotherapy strategy of anti-tumor due to its high infiltration, direct phagocytosis of tumor cells, immunomodulation of tumor microenvironment (TME) and linkage of innate and adaptive immunity. Here a series of novelly designed CAR-Ms by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), which highly expressed in tumor cells and TME, were evaluated. Their activation signals were transduced by Tlr4 or Ifn-γ receptors either alone or in combination, which were designed to mediate M1 polarization of macrophages as the downstream of lipopolysaccharide or Ifn-γ that had been widely reported. Our results showed that VEGFR2-targeting CAR-Ms could be activated under the stimulation of VEGFR2-expressing cells. They exhibited higher expression of CD86, MHCII and TNF-α in vitro and enhanced tumor suppressive abilities in vivo. Implantation of these CAR-Ms into 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice could obviously inhibit the progression of tumor without significant toxic side effects, especially the group of mmC in which constructed with Tlr4 as the intracellular domain of CAR. In conclusion, this research provides a promising design of CAR that induce macrophages activation by Tlr4 and/or Ifn-γ receptors, and these CAR-Ms could effectively inhibit tumor growth through targeting VEGFR2.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.