ArticleSeminars in arthritis and rheumatism2023
Associations between vitamin D and autoimmune diseases: Mendelian randomization analysis.
Article in Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the Inflammatory Link Between Vitamin D and Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review and Causal Inference Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical Reclassification of Vitamin D Status Across Three Automated Immunoassays After Comparability Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Vitamin D in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: still a challenge.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Review
- Decreased Serum Vitamin D Is Not Associated With Sjögren Disease in European and Asian Subjects.ACR open rheumatology · 2026Article
- The effects of micronutrients on the risk of upper gastrointestinal diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Vitamin D in Gut and Systemic Immune Tolerance and in Infections' Risk: An International Evidence-Based Consensus Statement.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Risk factor profiles for infections in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Vitamin D and Health Outcomes: State-of-the-Art Review of Triangulated Evidence and Ongoing Controversies.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Is a Functional Cure Possible in Autoimmune Diseases? Evidence from Trigger Eradication, Transplantation, and Cellular Therapies.Rheumatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Exploring Interaction between Genetically Predicted Body Mass Index and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels on the Odds for Psoriasis in UK Biobank and the HUNT Study: A Factorial Mendelian Randomization Study.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2025Article
- High-dose Vitamin D supplementation for immune recalibration in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Factors associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in Chinese hospitalized patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective cohort study.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
- Continuing benefits of the Montreal Protocol and protection of the stratospheric ozone layer for human health and the environment.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2024Article
- Gender Differences in the Interplay between Vitamin D and Microbiota in Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Vitamin D is associated with reduced risk of Sjögren's syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Assessing causal association of circulating micronutrients and systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and erectile dysfunction: a causal relationship? Findings from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Article
- The 2023's Growing Evidence Confirming the Relationship between Vitamin D and Autoimmune Diseases.Nutrients · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe VITAL trial of vitamin D supplementation suggested a possible protective effect for autoimmune diseases but uncertainties remain. We investigated potential causal effects of vitamin D on composite and individual autoimmune diseases using Mendelian randomization.
methodsWe used data from 332,984 participants of the UK Biobank of whom 23,089 had at least one autoimmune disease defined using ICD code and/or self-report. Diseases were further considered in mechanistic subgroups driven by "autoimmunity" (n = 12,774) or "autoinflammation" (n = 11,164), then individually. We selected variants within gene regions implicated in vitamin D biology to generate a weighted genetic score. We performed population-wide analysis using the ratio method, then examined non-linear effects across five quantiles based on 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels.
resultsGenetically-predicted vitamin D was associated with lower risk of diseases in the autoinflammation group (OR 0.95 per 10 ng/ml increase in 25-hydroxycholecalciferol; 95%CI 0.91-0.99; p = 0.03) but not the autoimmunity group (OR 0.99; 95%CI 0.95-1.03; p = 0.64) or combined. When considering individual diseases, genetically-predicted vitamin D was associated with lower risk of psoriasis (OR 0.91; 95%CI 0.85-0.97; p = 0.005), the most common disease in the autoinflammation group, and suggestively with systemic lupus erythematosus (OR 0.84; 95%CI 0.69-1.02; p = 0.08); results were replicated using data from independent studies. We found no evidence for a plausible non-linear relationship between vitamin D and any outcome.
conclusionsWe found genetic evidence to support a causal link between 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations and psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus. These results have implications for potential disease prevention strategies, and the interpretation and design of vitamin D supplementation trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.