ArticleJournal of assisted reproduction and genetics2023
Natural killer cell subsets in endometrial fluid: a pilot study of their association with the endometrial cycle and reproductive parameters.
Article in Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- A new perspective on endometriosis: Integrating eQTL mendelian randomization with transcriptomics and single-cell data analyses.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Article
- Multi-omics analysis of uterine fluid extracellular vesicles reveals a resemblance with endometrial tissue across the menstrual cycle: biological and translational insights.Human reproduction open · 2025Article
- MiR-214 promotes the antitumor effect of NK cells in colorectal cancer liver metastasis through USP27X/Bim.Cytotechnology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo investigate if there are natural killer (NK) cells in endometrial fluid (EF) and their relationship with the endometrial cycle and reproductive parameters.
methodsThe population under study consisted of 43 women aged 18-40 undergoing infertility workup at our University Hospital in 2021-2022. The EF samples were obtained at the first visit to our unit, on occasion of the mock embryo transfer. The day of the cycle was considered only in cycles of 27-29 days. An immunophenotype study of NK in EF was performed by flow cytometry analysis. In a subgroup of women, on the same day, NK was studied in EF and peripheral blood.
resultsOur study is the first to evidence NK cells in EF. None of the NK cells observed corresponded to a mature peripheral blood NK cell population (stages 4-5), and neither endometrial nor decidual uNK cells were detected. Nevertheless, we found 2 patient groups with an NK cell subset with a higher expression of CD16+, which could belong to an intermediate or transient stage between the uNK and pbNK NK cell population in the EF. We found that CD16 was significantly increased in the mid-late luteal phase and its correlation with the day of the cycle. The NK immunophenotype was different in EF and peripheral blood.
conclusionWe described a new component of the EF, the NK cells, whose CD16 activity is closely correlated with the day of the cycle. These cells could play a role in implantation/implantation failure.
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