ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2023
Sex differences in trigeminal neuralgia: a focus on radiological and clinical characteristics.
Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of surgical interventions for trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Reciprocal association between neurovascular conflict and trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review on the frequency of occurrence in nerve branches and the side of the face involved in trigeminal neuralgia and its clinical implication.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Association of Transthyretin and Retinol-Binding Protein 4 With Risk of Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Case-Control Study.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Regional Organisation and Sex-Related Differences in Trigeminal Nerve DTI Metrics in Healthy Young Adults.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: single-fraction LINAC-based radiosurgery option, mono-institutional experience with long follow-up.La Radiologia medica · 2026Article
- Trigeminal neuralgia: from clinical challenges to molecular insights.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Review
- Clinical features and diagnostic pathways of trigeminal neuralgia: a retrospective study in a tertiary orofacial pain clinic.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Repeated Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation on Trigeminal Neuralgia Patients.Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2026Article
- Article
- Research Progress on Radiofrequency Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in the V2 Maxillary Nerve.Pain and therapy · 2026Review
- Identification and validation of candidate biomarkers associated with mitochondria and 18 types of programmed cell death in trigeminal neuralgia: insights from transcriptome sequencing.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Five-year prospective outcomes of medical management and microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia.Journal of neurology · 2025Observational
- Structural alterations in occipital cortices in trigeminal neuralgia: a voxel- and surface-based morphometric MRI study.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Effects of risk factor-based targeted nursing intervention on psychological status, sleep quality, and pain in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Altered structure and functional connection of subcortical gray matter in female patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia.Brain imaging and behavior · 2024Article
- The Impact of Microvascular Decompression on Pain Management in Trigeminal Neuralgia: Clinical Insights.Cureus · 2024Article
- Enkephalins and Pain Modulation: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Trigeminal neuralgia.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIt is well established that trigeminal neuralgia is more prevalent in females than in males. Neurovascular compression with morphological changes of the trigeminal root represents the most recognized etiological factor. However, other factors may play a role in the framework of a multi-hit model. The primary aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in radiological and clinical characteristics of trigeminal neuralgia to better understand the multifactorial origin of this peculiar neuropathic pain condition.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study patients with a definite diagnosis of primary trigeminal neuralgia were consecutively enrolled. Each patient underwent 3T MRI with sequences dedicated to the study of neurovascular compression. Major morphological changes of the trigeminal root were quantitatively assessed. Clinical characteristics were systematically collected through a dedicated questionnaire. A logistic regression model was implemented to predict radiological and clinical characteristics based on sex.
resultsA total of 114 patients with classical (87) or idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (27) were enrolled. Female sex was predictive for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Male sex was predictive, among the comorbidities and clinical characteristics, for hypertension, the involvement of the left side and the second trigeminal division, alone or with the ophthalmic division. DISCUSSION: The preponderance of TN in the female sex and the association between idiopathic TN and the female sex suggest the role of additional etiological factors in the framework of a multi-hit model. The identification of clinical variables predicted by sex suggests the possibility that distinct phenotypes, with peculiar pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects, may occur in females and males.
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