Article in Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 29% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registry
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
3 · Its place in the literature
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
5 · Who and what money
Authors and funding
32 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Paul LittlePrimary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3664-1873
Nick A FrancisPrimary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8939-7312
Beth StuartPrimary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5432-7437
Gilly O'ReillyPrimary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6141-4360
Natalie ThompsonPrimary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1880-6438
Taeko BecquePrimary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0362-3794
Alastair D HayCentre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3012-375X
Kay WangNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7195-1730
Michael SharlandInstitute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8626-8291
Anthony HarndenNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0013-9611
Guiqing YaoBiostatistics Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0591-9636
James RafteryPrimary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1094-8578
Shihua ZhuPrimary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1430-713X
Joseph LittlePrimary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3456-1626
Charlotte HookhamPrimary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2034-4383
Kate RowleyCentre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4388-5569
Joanne EudenCentre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2844-6878
Kim HarmanPrimary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5173-7753
Samuel CoenenDepartment of Family Medicine & Population Health and Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-1238-8052
Robert C ReadNational Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Southampton Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4297-6728
Catherine WoodsPrimary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2245-5773
Christopher C ButlerNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0102-3453
Saul N FaustNational Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Southampton Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3410-7642
Geraldine LeydonPrimary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5986-3300
Mandy WanEvelina Pharmacy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8802-0425
Kerenza HoodCentre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5268-8631
Jane WhitehurstNational Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration West Midlands, Coventry, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2173-9088
Samantha Richards-HallSouthampton Primary Care Research Centre, Primary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7665-4268
Peter SmithSouthampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4423-5410
Michael ThomasPrimary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5939-1155
Michael MoorePrimary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5127-4509
Theo VerheijPrimary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0166-1498
University of Southampton · GBUniversity of Oxford · GBCardiff University · GBUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust · GBUniversity of Bristol · GBGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust · GBNIHR Applied Research Collaboration WestSt George's, University of London · GBUniversity of Antwerp · BEUniversity of Leicester · GB
Funding
Department of Health
6 · The paper itself
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health threat. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for children with uncomplicated lower respiratory tract infections, but there is little randomised evidence to support the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating these infections, either overall or relating to key clinical subgroups in which antibiotic prescribing is common (chest signs; fever; physician rating of unwell; sputum/rattly chest; shortness of breath). Objectives: To estimate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of amoxicillin for uncomplicated lower respiratory tract infections in children both overall and in clinical subgroups. Design: Placebo-controlled trial with qualitative, observational and cost-effectiveness studies. Setting: UK general practices. Participants: Children aged 1-12 years with acute uncomplicated lower respiratory tract infections. Outcomes: The primary outcome was the duration in days of symptoms rated moderately bad or worse (measured using a validated diary). Secondary outcomes were symptom severity on days 2-4 (0 = no problem to 6 = as bad as it could be); symptom duration until very little/no problem; reconsultations for new or worsening symptoms; complications; side effects; and resource use. Methods: Children were randomised to receive 50 mg/kg/day of oral amoxicillin in divided doses for 7 days, or placebo using pre-prepared packs, using computer-generated random numbers by an independent statistician. Children who were not randomised could participate in a parallel observational study. Semistructured telephone interviews explored the views of 16 parents and 14 clinicians, and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. Throat swabs were analysed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 432 children were randomised (antibiotics, Limitations: The study was underpowered to detect small benefits in key subgroups. Conclusion: Amoxicillin for uncomplicated lower respiratory tract infections in children is unlikely to be clinically effective or to reduce health or societal costs. Parents need better access to information, as well as clear communication about the self-management of their child's illness and safety-netting. Future work: The data can be incorporated in the Cochrane review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Trial registration: This trial is registered as ISRCTN79914298. Funding: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in
Indexed as
Anti-Bacterial AgentsDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsAmoxicillinBandagesChildHumansObservational Studies as TopicPrimary Health CareRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicAmoxicillinAnti-Bacterial AgentsANTIBACTERIAL AGENTSANTIMICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCECOUGHPRIMARY CAREPUBLIC HEALTHRESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.
Antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infection in children presenting in primary care: ARTIC-PC RCT. · full record | OpenQuestion