ArticleCephalalgia : an international journal of headache2023
Symptoms associated with headache in youth.
Article in Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cluster Analysis of Migraine-Associated Symptoms (CAMS) across the lifespan: a cross-sectional study.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Anxiety, depression, and headache-related disability in a large pediatric clinic-based sample.Headache · 2025Article
- An observational study to find out the relationship between the types of headaches and balance dysfunction by using Fukuda test among young individuals.Journal of education and health promotion · 2024Article
- Migraine-associated symptoms change with improvement in youth with migraine: A cohort study.Cephalalgia reportsArticle
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the underlying relationships between a broad range of headache-associated symptoms and how they relate to headache burden.
backgroundSymptoms associated with head pain inform classification of headache disorders. However, many headache-associated symptoms are not included in the diagnostic criteria, which is largely based on expert opinion. Large symptom databases can assess headache-associated symptoms irrespective of pre-existing diagnostic categories.
methodsWe conducted a large single-center cross-sectional study on youth (6-17 years old) assessing patient-reported outpatient headache questionnaires between June 2017 and February 2022. Multiple correspondence analysis, an exploratory factor analysis, was applied to 13 headache-associated symptoms.
results6662 participants (64% female; median age 13.6 years) were included. Multiple correspondence analysis dimension 1 (25.4% of the variance) captured the absence or abundance of headache-associated symptoms. A greater number of headache-associated symptoms correlated with greater headache burden. Dimension 2 (11.0% of the variance) revealed three symptom clusters: (1) cardinal features of migraine (light, sound, and smell sensitivity, nausea, and vomiting), (2) nonspecific global neurologic dysfunction symptoms (lightheadedness, trouble thinking, blurry vision), (3) vestibular and brainstem dysfunction symptoms (vertigo, balance problems, ear ringing, double vision).
conclusionAssessing a broader range of headache-associated symptoms reveals clustering of symptomatology and a strong relationship with headache burden.
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