ArticleFrontiers in public health2023
Association of multi-criteria derived air toxics hazard score with lung cancer incidence in a major metropolitan area.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Potential Exposure to Environmental Toxic Emissions and Increased Cancer Risk in Puerto Rico.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Lung Cancer and the Environment.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Carcinogenic Industrial Air Emissions and Lung Cancer Risk in a Cohort of 440,000 Americans.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Lung Cancer incidence in both sexes across global areas: data from 1978 to 2017 and predictions up to 2035.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- The need for a cancer exposome atlas: a scoping review.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2025Article
- Understanding exposomes and its relation with cancer risk in Malaysia based on epidemiological evidence: a narrative review.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer remains a major health problem world-wide. Environmental exposure to lung cancer carcinogens can affect lung cancer incidence. We investigated the association between lung cancer incidence and an air toxics hazard score of environmental carcinogen exposures derived previously under the exposome concept. Methods: Lung cancer cases diagnosed in Philadelphia and the surrounding counties between 2008 and 2017 were identified from the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. Age-adjusted incidence rates at the ZIP code level were calculated based on the residential address at diagnosis. The air toxics hazard score, an aggregate measure for lung cancer carcinogen exposures, was derived using the criteria of toxicity, persistence, and occurrence. Areas with high incidence or hazard score were identified. Spatial autoregressive models were fitted to evaluate the association, with and without adjusting for confounders. Stratified analysis by smoking prevalence was performed to examine potential interactions. Results: We observed significantly higher age-adjusted incidence rates in ZIP codes that had higher air toxics hazard score values after controlling for demographic variables, smoking prevalence, and proximity to major highways. Analyzes stratified by smoking prevalence suggested that exposure to environmental lung carcinogens had a larger effect on cancer incidence in locations with higher smoking prevalence. Conclusion: The positive association between the multi-criteria derived air toxics hazard score and lung cancer incidence provides the initial evidence to validate the hazard score as an aggregate measure of carcinogenic exposures in the environment. The hazard score can be used to supplement the existing risk factors in identifying high risk individuals. Communities with higher incidence/hazard score may benefit from greater awareness of lung cancer risk factors and targeted screening programs.
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