ArticleTherapeutic advances in gastroenterology2023
Active tuberculosis in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a case-control study.
Article in Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adalimumab Therapy for Crohn's Disease and Axial Spondyloarthritis in Latent Tuberculosis:Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2026Pooled it
- Hepatic and splenic tuberculosis following infliximab therapy for refractory ulcerative colitis: a case report and literature review.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Upper and small bowel Crohn's disease in Brazilian children: Phenotypic characteristic and surgical risk.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2026Article
- Beyond the Flare: A Case of Disseminated Tuberculosis and Thrombosis Masquerading as IBD Exacerbation.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Biologic Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis: A Retrospective Real-World Study in a Brazilian Tertiary University Hospital.Cureus · 2026Article
- Observational
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background/Aims: Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs have been the mainstay therapy for moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) over the past 25 years. Nevertheless, these drugs are associated with serious opportunistic infections like tuberculosis (TB). Brazil is ranked among the 30 countries with the highest incidence of TB in the world. This study aimed at identifying risk factors for the development of active TB and describing clinical characteristics and outcomes in IBD patients followed at a tertiary referral center in Brazil. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, case-control study between January 2010 and December 2021. Active TB cases in IBD patients were randomly matched 1:3 to controls (IBD patients with no previous history of active TB) according to gender, age, and type of IBD. Design: This was a retrospective, case-control study. Results: A total of 38 (2.2%) cases of TB were identified from 1760 patients under regular follow-up at our outpatient clinics. Of the 152 patients included in the analysis (cases and controls), 96 (63.2%) were male, and 124 (81.6%) had Crohn's disease. Median age at TB diagnosis was 39.5 [interquartile range (IQR) 30.8-56.3]. Half of the active TB cases were disseminated (50%). Overall, 36 patients with TB (94.7%) were being treated with immunosuppressive medications. Of those, 31 (86.1%) were under anti-TNF drugs. Diagnosis of TB occurred at a median of 32 months after the first dose of anti-TNF (IQR 7-84). In multivariate analysis, IBD diagnosis older than 17 years and anti-TNF therapy were significantly associated with the development of TB ( Conclusions: TB remains a significant health problem in IBD patients from endemic regions, especially those treated with anti-TNFs. In addition, age at IBD diagnosis (>17 years old) was also a risk factor for active TB. Most cases occur after long-term therapy, suggesting a new infection. The reintroduction of anti-TNFs agents after the anti-TB treatment seems safe. These data highlight the importance of TB screening and monitoring in IBD patients living in endemic areas.
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