ReviewFrontiers in neurology2023
Can we forecast poor outcome in herpes simplex and varicella zoster encephalitis? A narrative review.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Altered amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in herpes simplex encephalitis: a resting-state fMRI study and associations with anxiety.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and Prognostic Factors of Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis in Japan: A Nationwide Database Study.Journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Prognostic Factors and Clinical Characteristics of Varicella Zoster Virus Meningitis: Impact of Treatment Delay and Age-Related Differences in a Japanese Tertiary Hospital.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a Novel Multiplex PCR Assay for Vesicular Viruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Jamestown Canyon Virus Disease: An Analytic Review of Human Cases Reported from 1982 Through 2022.Viruses · 2026Review
- Nationwide Analysis of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Encephalitis-Related Diagnoses in Ecuador.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Factors Predicting the Outcome in Patients With Acute Encephalitis Syndrome: A Retrospective Analysis of Surveillance Data in Bangladesh.Neurology research international · 2026Article
- Herpesvirus-host interactions in neurological diseases: the immunogenetic role of HLA-E.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Sequelae of viral CNS infections including outcomes, mechanisms, and knowledge gaps.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Article
- Is intravenous aciclovir overused in possible viral encephalitis? a retrospective review.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Long-term neurological outcome in patients presenting with encephalitis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Cerebral Hemorrhage in Varicella-Zoster Virus Encephalitis: A Case Study.The American journal of case reports · 2025Article
- Unmasking herpes encephalitis masquerading as acute psychosis via neuroimaging.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- [Zoster vaccination].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Innovation and optimization in autoimmune encephalitis trials: the design and rationale for the Phase 3, randomized study of satralizumab in patients with NMDAR-IgG-antibody-positive or LGI1-IgG-antibody-positive autoimmune encephalitis (CIELO).Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging in acute meningoencephalitis of viral and unknown origin: frequent findings and prognostic potential.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Clinical features, etiological spectrum, and outcomes of neurological patients initially presenting with psychiatric symptoms.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) are among the most commonly diagnosed infectious causes of sporadic encephalitis worldwide. Despite treatment, mortality and morbidity rates remain high, especially for HSV encephalitis. This review is intended to provide an overview of the existing scientific literature on this topic from the perspective of a clinician who is confronted with serious decisions about continuation or withdrawal of therapeutic interventions. We performed a literature review searching two databases and included 55 studies in the review. These studies documented or investigated specifically outcome and predictive parameters of outcome of HSV and/or VZV encephalitis. Two reviewers independently screened and reviewed full-text articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Key data were extracted and presented as a narrative summary. Both, HSV and VZV encephalitis have mortality rates between 5 and 20% and complete recovery rates range from 14 to 43% for HSV and 33 to 49% for VZV encephalitis. Prognostic factors for both VZV and HSV encephalitis are older age and comorbidity, as well as severity of disease and extent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions on admission, and delay in treatment initiation for HSV encephalitis. Although numerous studies are available, the main limiting factors are the inconsistent patient selection and case definitions as well as the non-standardised outcome measures, which hampers the comparability of the studies. Therefore, larger and standardised observational studies applying validated case definitions and outcome measures including quality of life assessment are required to provide solid evidence to answer the research question.
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