Beyond the mean: Distributional differences in earnings and mental health in young adulthood by childhood health histories.

Emmanuelle Arpin, Claire de Oliveira, Arjumand Siddiqi, Audrey Laporte

Open access · goldAbstract read

In one paragraph

Article in SSM - population health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 34% of its field

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

The impact of socioeconomic determinants of health and resulting health inequalities on children and young people with long-term health conditions in the UK: a scoping review protocol.Systematic reviews · 2025
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.

Emmanuelle ArpinInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College St 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M6, Canada.

Claire de OliveiraInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College St 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M6, Canada.

Arjumand SiddiqiDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M6, Canada.

Audrey LaporteInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College St 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M6, Canada.

University of Toronto · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Research on the long-term effects of health in early life has predominantly relied on parametric methods to assess differences between groups of children. However, this approach leaves a wealth of distributional information untapped. The objective of this study was to assess distributional differences in earnings and mental health in young adulthood between individuals who suffered a chronic illness in childhood compared to those who did not using the non-parametric relative distributions framework. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we find that young adults who suffered a chronic illness in childhood fare worse in terms of earnings and mental health scores in adulthood, particularly for individuals reporting a childhood mental health/developmental disorder. Covariate decompositions suggest that chronic conditions in childhood may indirectly affect later outcomes through educational attainment: had the two groups had similar levels of educational attainment, the proportion of individuals with a report of a chronic condition in childhood in the lower decile of the relative earnings distribution would have been reduced by about 20 percentage points. Findings may inform policy aimed at mitigating longer run effects of health conditions in childhood and may generate hypotheses to be explored in parametric analyses.

Indexed as

Child healthChronic conditionsDistributional inequalitiesEducational attainmentMental health/developmental disordersNon-parametric methods

Identifiers

PMID37434657

DOI10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101451

PMCPMC10331842

OpenAlexW4381547254

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.