ArticleThe journal of vascular access2024
Elaboration and development of a realistic 3D printed model for training in ultrasound-guided placement of peripheral central venous catheter in children.
Article in The journal of vascular access, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparing the Perceived Realism and Adequacy of Venipuncture Training on an in-House Developed 3D-Printed Arm With a Commercially Available Arm: Randomized, Single-Blind, Cross-Over Study.JMIR medical education · 2025Trial
- Safer Access With Fewer Transfusions: Revisiting Platelet Thresholds in Pediatric Central Venous Catheterization.European journal of haematology · 2026Observational
- Bioprinted Constructs in the Regulatory Landscape: Current State and Future Perspectives.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Liver Phantoms Cast in 3D-Printed Mold for Image-Guided Procedures.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Simulation-based learning in nephrology.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSimulation for training is becoming a trend topic worldwide, even if its applications are commonly limited to adulthood. Ultrasound-guided procedures require practice and experience-especially in the pediatric field, where the small size of the involved anatomical structures poses major problems. In this context, a realistic 3D printed pediatric phantom for training of the ultrasound-guided placement of peripheral central venous catheters in children was developed. MATERIALS AND
methodsStarting from Computed Tomography scans of an 8 years-old girl, her left arm was virtually reconstructed-including bones, arteries, and veins-through a semi-automatic segmentation process. According to preliminary results, the most suitable 3D printing technologies to reproduce the different anatomical structures of interest were selected, considering both direct and indirect 3D printing techniques. Experienced operators were asked to evaluate the efficacy of the final model through a dedicated questionnaire.
resultsVessels produced through indirect 3D printing latex dipping technique exhibited the best echogenicity, thickness, and mechanical properties to mimic real children's venous vessels, while arteries-not treated and/or punctured during the procedure-were directly 3D printed through Material Jetting technology. An external mold-mimicking the arm skin-was 3D printed and a silicone-based mixture was poured to reproduce real patient's soft tissues. Twenty expert specialists were asked to perform the final model's validation. The phantom was rated as highly realistic in terms of morphology and functionality for the overall simulation, especially for what concerns vessels and soft tissues' response to puncturing. On the other hand, the involved structures' US appearance showed the lower score.
conclusionsThe present work shows the feasibility of a patient-specific 3D printed phantom for simulation and training in pediatric ultrasound-guided procedures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.