ArticleJournal of anatomy2023
Cranial morphology of Balkan and West Asian livestock guardian dogs.
Article in Journal of anatomy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Assessing cranial morphology for sex determination in juvenile alpine swifts (Tachymarptis melba).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comparative Fluctuating Asymmetry and Directional Asymmetry in Four Cattle Skulls.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Enhancing student performance with multicolored 3D printed neuroanatomical models in veterinary education.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Exploring Skull Morphology in East Anatolian Red Cattle and South Anatolian Red Cattle Breeds Through 3D Modelling.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Skull morphology in native and non-native cattle breeds in Türkiye.Journal of anatomy · 2025Article
- 3D Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Calcaneal Morphology in Domestic Caprinae: Sheep (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Anatomy of meat cuts: integrating 3D scanning and virtual reality in veterinary education and training.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Morpho-Geometric Description of the Skulls and Mandibles of Brown Bears (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Comparative Cranial Geometric Morphometrics among Wistar Albino, Sprague Dawley, and WAG/Rij Rat Strains.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Morphometric analysis of the skulls of a ram and ewe Romanov sheep (Ovis aries) with 3D modelling.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
- Shape and Size Variations of Distal Phalanges in Cattle.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Breed-Specific Skull Morphology Reveals Insights into Canine Optic Chiasm Positioning and Orbital Structure through 3D CT Scan Analysis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Cranial morphology of Balkan and West Asian livestock guardian dogs.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several large "shepherd" or livestock guardian dog (LGD) breeds were historically selectively bred to protect sheep and goat flocks in the Balkans, Anatolia, and the Caucasus regions. Although these breeds exhibit similar behavior, their morphology is different. Yet, the fine characterization of the phenotypic differences remains to be analyzed. The aim of this study is to characterize cranial morphology in the specific Balkan and West Asian LGD breeds. We use a 3D geometric morphometric in order to assess morphological differences regarding both shape and size between LGD breeds and compare this phenotypic diversity to close relative wild canids. Our results indicate that Balkan and Anatolian LGDs form a distinct cluster within a relatively large dog cranial size and shape diversity. Most LGDs display a cranial morphology that could be described as intermediate to the mastiff breeds and large herding dogs, except for the Romanian Mioritic shepherd which has a more brachycephalic cranium strongly resembling the bully-type dog cranial morphotype. Although often considered to represent an ancient type of dog, the Balkan-West Asian LGDs are clearly distinguishable from wolves, dingoes, and most other primitive and spitz-type dogs and this group displays a surprising cranial diversity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.