ArticleCommunications biology2023
Coevolution of the Tlx homeobox gene with medusa development (Cnidaria: Medusozoa).
Article in Communications biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Portuguese man-of-war genome reveals the genetic basis of medusa loss and sea-air interface adaptation.National science review · 2026Article
- A chromosome-level reference genome for the colonial marine hydrozoan Podocoryna americana.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- A chromosome-level genome assembly for the colonial marine hydrozoanbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Genome assembly of Bougainvillia cf. muscus (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa).G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Signaling Mechanism of Budding, Proliferation, and Tissue Regeneration in Cnidaria.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Cnidofest 2022: hot topics in cnidarian research.EvoDevo · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cnidarians display a wide diversity of life cycles. Among the main cnidarian clades, only Medusozoa possesses a swimming life cycle stage called the medusa, alternating with a benthic polyp stage. The medusa stage was repeatedly lost during medusozoan evolution, notably in the most diverse medusozoan class, Hydrozoa. Here, we show that the presence of the homeobox gene Tlx in Cnidaria is correlated with the presence of the medusa stage, the gene having been lost in clades that ancestrally lack a medusa (anthozoans, endocnidozoans) and in medusozoans that secondarily lost the medusa stage. Our characterization of Tlx expression indicate an upregulation of Tlx during medusa development in three distantly related medusozoans, and spatially restricted expression patterns in developing medusae in two distantly related species, the hydrozoan Podocoryna carnea and the scyphozoan Pelagia noctiluca. These results suggest that Tlx plays a key role in medusa development and that the loss of this gene is likely linked to the repeated loss of the medusa life cycle stage in the evolution of Hydrozoa.
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