ArticleNPJ vaccines2023
Immunogenicity of NVX-CoV2373 heterologous boost against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04889209 (A Phase 1/2 Study of Delayed Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Dosing), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
6.0field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 1/2 Study of Delayed Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Dosing (Boost) After Receipt of EUA Vaccines
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- NVX-CoV2372, monovalent mRNA and bivalent mRNA vaccines elicit broadly cross-reactive antibodies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of COVAC-2, a Sepivac SWE™ adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine in previously vaccinated healthy adults; a randomized controlled multicentre trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Mucosal and Systemic Antibody Responses After Boosting With a Bivalent Messenger RNA Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- A new mRNA antigen vaccine induces potent B and T cell responses and in vivo protection against SARS-CoV-2.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- A new mRNA antigen vaccine induces potent B and T cell responses andbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The vaccine platform used for COVID-19 primary immunization shapes the quality of the human B cell response to a vaccine boost.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike sequence-based distance as a marker of binding antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Future Goals and Long-term Vision of the Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium/Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit Network.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Historical Advances in Clinical Trial Design and Expanding Representation as the New Frontier for Innovation.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Emerging and Pandemic Pathogens: Lessons Learned From a Clinical Research Network.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Review
- T-cell responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 index-virus nanoparticle protein vaccine to the ancestral and omicron variants 6 months following primary vaccination.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Introducing Nuvaxovid to COVID-19 Vaccination in the United Kingdom: A Dynamic Transmission Model.Vaccines · 2025Article
- T and B cell responses in different immunization scenarios for COVID-19: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Evaluating the Quality of Studies Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Neutralizing Antibody Immunogenicity.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Review
- The Novavax Heterologous Coronavirus Disease 2019 Booster Demonstrates Lower Reactogenicity Than Messenger RNA: A Targeted Review.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Progress with COVID vaccine development and implementation.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccination may mitigate dysregulation of IL-1/IL-18 and gastrointestinal symptoms of the post-COVID-19 condition.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Subvariant Neutralization Following a Primary Vaccine Series of NVX-CoV2373 and BNT162b2 Monovalent Booster Vaccine.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
41 authors at 16 institutions in 2 countries.
Kirsten E Lyke *Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. klyke@som.umaryland.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4966-0830
Robert L Atmar *Departments of Medicine and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. ratmar@bcm.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9989-6772
Clara Dominguez IslasVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Christine M PosavadVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Meagan E DemingCenter for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2574-0542
Angela R BrancheDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
Christine JohnstonVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-0843
Hana M El SahlyDepartments of Medicine and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Srilatha EdupugantiDepartment of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
Mark J MulliganNYU Langone Vaccine Center and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Lisa A JacksonKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
Richard E RuppSealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Christina A RostadDepartment of Pediatrics and Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Rhea N ColerSeattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Martín BäckerNYU Langone Hospital-Long Island Vaccine Center Research Clinic and Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.
Angelica C KottkampNYU Langone Vaccine Center and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4103-1666
Tara M BabuDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7093-4077
David DobrzynskiDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-7432
Judith M MartinDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9456-1770
Rebecca C BradyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Robert W FrenckCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Kumaravel RajakumarDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Karen KotloffCenter for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-6431
Nadine RouphaelDepartment of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
Daniel SzydloStatistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention (SCHARP), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Rahul PaulChoudhuryStatistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention (SCHARP), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Janet I ArcherFHI360, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
Sonja CrandonDivision of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Brian IngersollStatistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention (SCHARP), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Amanda EatonDepartment of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3064-2947
Elizabeth R BrownVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
M Juliana McElrathVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Kathleen M NeuzilCenter for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
David S StephensDepartment of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
Diane J PostDivision of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3890-9116
Bob C LinVaccine Immunology Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Leonid SerebryannyyVaccine Immunology Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
John H BeigelDivision of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4879-4941
David C MontefioriDepartment of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Paul C RobertsDivision of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4452-141X
DMID 21-0012 Study Group
Emory University · USNational Institutes of Health · USFred Hutch Cancer Center · USCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center · USUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore · USBaylor College of Medicine · USUniversity of Pittsburgh · USSeattle Children's Hospital · USCape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory / Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa · ZADuke Medical Center · USIsland Hospital · USNew York University · USUniversity of Rochester · USUniversity of Washington · USFamily Health International 360 · USKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute · US
Funding
Leadership Group for the Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium (IDCRCLG) - Momi-Vax DMID #21-0004 {Supplement #6}UM1AI148684 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI DAVID S STEPHENS · 2020 to 2026
$77.2MCollaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVICs): Component A: Vaccine Center75N93019C00050 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI MOODY, TONY · 2019 to 2025
$69.1MVTEU SupplementUM1AI148689 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI Karen L. Kotloff · 2020 to 2026
$52.7MVanderbilt Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit - KidCOVEUM1AI148452 · NIAID · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Clarence Buddy Creech · 2020 to 2026
$51.3MVaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units - DMID 21-0012UM1AI148576 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Nadine Georges Rouphael, Carlos del Rio · 2020 to 2026
$41.7MVaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units (VTEU)-DMID 21-0004UM1AI148575 · NIAID · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI HANA M EL SAHLY · 2020 to 2026
$29.4MUniversity of Washington Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit - DMID 21-0012UM1AI148573 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Raymond Scott McClelland, Anna Wald · 2020 to 2026
$26.6MKaiser Washington VTEU supplement 20-0003UM1AI148373 · NIAID · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI LISA A JACKSON · 2020 to 2026
$24.4MEstablishment of the New York University Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit (NYU VTEU) - DMID 21-0012UM1AI148574 · NIAID · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI Angelica Cifuentes Kottkamp, Anoma Nellore · 2020 to 2026
$23.9MUniversity of Rochester Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit (VTEU)-mRNA-1273-P204 Moderna Pediatric StudyUM1AI148450 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI Angela Ramona Branche, Ann R Falsey · 2020 to 2026
$20.6MFELLOWSHIP TRAINING PROGRAM IN VACCINOLOGYT32AI007524 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI Marcelo B. Sztein · 1997 to 2026
$6.4MNIAID NIH HHS 75N93019C00050NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007524NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148373NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148450NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148452NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148573NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148574NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148575NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148576NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148684NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148689
Abstract
As part of a multicenter study evaluating homologous and heterologous COVID-19 booster vaccines, we assessed the magnitude, breadth, and short-term durability of binding and pseudovirus-neutralizing antibody (PsVNA) responses following a single booster dose of NVX-CoV2373 in adults primed with either Ad26.COV2.S, mRNA-1273, or BNT162b2 vaccines. NVX-CoV2373 as a heterologous booster was immunogenic and associated with no safety concerns through Day 91. Fold-rises in PsVNA titers from baseline (Day 1) to Day 29 were highest for prototypic D614G variant and lowest for more recent Omicron sub-lineages BQ.1.1 and XBB.1. Peak humoral responses against all SARS-CoV-2 variants were lower in those primed with Ad26.COV2.S than with mRNA vaccines. Prior SARS CoV-2 infection was associated with substantially higher baseline PsVNA titers, which remained elevated relative to previously uninfected participants through Day 91. These data support the use of heterologous protein-based booster vaccines as an acceptable alternative to mRNA or adenoviral-based COVID-19 booster vaccines. This trial was conducted under ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04889209.
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Registered trials
NCT04889209ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.